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Nigerian history | Zikoko!
  • Archivi.ng: The Website Scanning 18k+ Newspapers to Digitise 50 Years of Nigerian History

    In 2016, I was in my final year at university. For my project, I had to do a content analysis of the Nigerian media coverage of Boko Haram insurgency for the 12 calendar months of the year under review. It was impossible to access old newspaper publications online, so I had to comb Ibadan for libraries that kept old newspapers. It was a daunting experience, mentally, physically and financially.

    Source: Reuters

    Seven years later, undergraduate students like me, researchers, journalists and anyone interested in our history need only carry out a simple search on Archivi.ng, a website that has successfully scanned 50 years of Nigerian newspapers in the first phase of its newspaper digitisation project. 

    Here’s all you should know about the team and the important work they’re doing.

    What is Archivi.ng?

    It’s a project committed to “digitising old Nigerian newspapers and making them accessible to everyone online.” The Archivi.ng team’s first phase goal is to upload 18,627 different newspapers and 360k pages from January 1960 to December 2010.

    How did it start?

    In August 2019, Fu’ad Lawal, Archiving CEO, asked a question on his Twitter page: “Who’s going to get all the Final Year research papers rotting in the Faculty storages across tertiary schools in Nigeria, and bring them online?”

    This need to do something with loads of research work Nigerian students churn out yearly soon metamorphosed into a different direction.

    On November 10, 2019, his attention was drawn to a throwback video shared on Twitter which captured the court proceedings that led to the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa, Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo and other members of the Ogoni 9.

    Fu’ad expressed sadness at the fact that Nigerian knowledge seekers or researchers would only obtain the full context about the historical incident from the archives of an international publication like the New York Times.

    “My own sadness is that if you want to read about this case, you’ll have to go to the New York Times.”

    Five days later, he returned with a post stressing the need for old Nigerian newspapers to be archived. “Our old newspapers need to be archived, for the culture. Contextual reporting becomes easier when you can just google 1999, and Punch/Guardian pops.”

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    Fu’ad’s tweets started to receive a cocktail of reception from followers, friends and acquaintances who shared similar sentiments. Subsequently, he drew up a concept note with a clear goal to retrieve and digitise newspapers from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2010 — a total of 18,627 days. The months that followed would see Lawal, his friends and other volunteers sourcing newspapers. In less than five weeks, they’d sourced 95% of the newspapers needed for the period of focus.

    But sourcing the papers wasn’t enough; they also needed a digital home where the papers could be housed and easily accessed. And this birthed Archiv.ng.

    How does the website work?

    The search box on Archivi.ng

    If you enter specific keywords, names and dates in the homepage’s search box, it’ll return a string of scanned newspaper pages. Each scanned newspaper page comes with an AI-generated summary.

    For example, when you enter the date below, it returns with the newspaper images.

    At the moment, Archivi.ng only accounts for PM News reports from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2010 which is approximately 50,000 pages. Publications like The Punch (1971), Tribune (1949) and Vanguard (1983) are yet to be scanned and uploaded to the archive. However, it’s all part of the goals in the first phase of the project.

    Is the website free to use?

    The website has been free for visitors since it launched on September 30. However, there’s an option to donate and support the project. The team has raised over $37,000 in donations but still needs at least $100,000 in funding to complete the first phase of the project.

    Burning Ram tickets are now available. Get your personal meat and many more at Zikoko’s meat festival coming up on November 11th. Tickets are available here.

  • Beyond 2023 Elections, Zikoko Citizen Dey for You

    Hi there, my name is Muhammed Akinyemi, the Editor-in-Chief of Zikoko Citizen, and I have some important news for you. 

    Citizen is a publication – unlike any other – that aims to help you easily understand politics, policy, and governance — and take action. All you need to do is follow us while we follow the news.

    If you followed us during the National (February 25, 2023) and State (March 18, 2023) elections, you’d recall how expansive our coverage was and how easy it was to get the news at your doorstep. 

    We achieved that on the web through general news coverage and our web series like The Nigerian Voter (a series where Nigerians shared their voting experiences), Navigating Nigeria (for residential Nigerians on how to explore Nigeria safely), Wait First (where we fact-check stories on a scale of fresh tomato to cold zobo), and our Game of Votes weekly newsletter (subscribe here if you haven’t).

    We brought the news to you on social media via Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, WhatsApp, and Facebook.

    We reached more than five million people during the elections and are not about to stop. Let me introduce you to our post-election phase.

    What’s new

    Three things:

    1. Everyday Citizens

    During the build-up to the elections, we asked ourselves one question: how are policies and politics affecting and changing the lives of everyday Nigerians? We introduced Everyday People (now Everyday Citizens) to find answers. 

    We spoke to people often snubbed by the media except as vox-pop entertainment: these northern traders talking about the voting process in Lagos, this plumber explaining why it’s important to vote without sentiments, or this reality check on if Nigerians still remember election day.

    Elections are over, but governance, policies and politics never stop. That’s why we are rebranding the flagship as Everyday Citizens and giving the microphone and camera to you, the everyday Nigerian, to tell us how policies —like the naira swap— affect you.

    No matter where you are in Nigeria or the world, you’ll soon be able to share your experience on Everyday Citizens. Follow us on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube  and watch out for the series officially launching Monday, April 17, 2023, airing on Mondays at 1 p.m. and Fridays at 6 p.m, Nigerian time.

    Remember to follow and turn on post notifications for Zikoko Citizen on your favourite social media platforms. .

    1. Citizen History

    Our history as a country is filled with events that could provide clarity on who we are and the things that happen today. Unfortunately, history is not popular in primary and secondary school education. Most of us have to rely on stories told by parents, books we read and snippets on the internet to find the truth of our past. 

    That’s about to change. 

    Starting Tuesday, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, we’ll bring you history lessons to your fingertips. Stories like the one where we spotlighted the first Nigerian female senator or dug deep into Operation Wetie, the beef that triggered Nigeria’s first military coup. 

    Every week, on Tuesdays, Citizen History will take you back in time and help you draw connections between Nigeria yesterday and Nigeria today.

    Join us today on Twitter Spaces as we launch the web series:

    Follow us as we follow history. 

    1. Citizen 60 Seconds

    As someone who grew up in front of the news, watching hourly updates from 6 p.m. until 10 p.m., I know how annoying it feels when the news just won’t end.

    Citizen’s 60 Seconds is our antidote to unending news coverage. In exactly 60 seconds – not more – we will tell you essential news without the time-wasting fluff.

    Follow us on Instagram now so you don’t miss out when we launch on Wednesday, April 19, 2023. Catch 60 seconds on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 4 p.m. Nigerian time.

    What’s leaving?

    We did many things with The Nigerian Voter series: we interviewed an Internally Displaced Person who was keen to vote, a student at the cusp of disenfranchisement, and a Nigerian who thinks voting is a sin, among several others. 

    But the flagship has played its part, and as elections wind down, it is winding down with it. 

    However, we are not killing coverage of the elections. You can still read our daily coverage on the Citizen website and Game of Votes (you should subscribe).

    What’s Staying?

    Our series, Navigating Nigeria, Wait First, and Abroad Life (what it means to be Nigerian, japa edition), are all staying, because they provide valuable insights to you.

    We are taking the spotlight from politicians and returning them to you. We are back to asking how their policies affect you and why you should participate in governance. 

    We will be telling you what steps to take when you’re a victim of revenge porn, explaining things like interim government, what new Acts mean for you, and how events like #EndSARS triggered Nigeria’s biggest japa wave in the last five years.

    Follow us as we follow the news.

    At Zikoko Citizen, we promise to always cover politics, policies, and governance while telling you why you should care. Let us do the heavy lifting of following the news while you follow us for the breakdown.

  • Why is Archivi.ng Digitising 50 Years of Nigerian History?

    Have you ever imagined travelling back in time to witness every activity held for Nigeria’s independence in 1960? Or the unveiling of the first iteration of the Naira note in 1973? Or even the real-time events that led to Nigeria’s first military coup?

    Nigeria’s first military president, Gen. Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi [AFP]

    If you have, then we have good news for you. 

    A Nigerian team, Archivi.ng, have decided to help all Nigerians travel back in time — by scanning and digitising 500,000 old newspapers stretching from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2010. 

    This comprises 18,627 days of Nigerian history one may not have found anywhere else!

    Some newspapers that have been curated so far [Reuters/Archivi.ng]

    How did Archivi.ng start?

    The project started as a weekend hobby, literally. 

    Ex-Editor-in-Chief of Zikoko Magazine, Fu’ad Lawal and his friends decided to spend the weekends on a mission to find one newspaper every day between January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2010.

    And they found out that it wasn’t that hard. In less than five months, they had found 95% of those newspapers.

    But they later decided that finding these newspapers wasn’t enough. How can a simple Google search make 500,000 juicy pieces of Nigerian history available to everyone?

    Their answer was to build a digital home for them by scanning these newspapers, storing them, extracting the text and cataloguing them on—you guessed it— the web via Archivi.ng

    Now to the next question.

    Why is their work so important?

    With two points, let’s explain why what they are doing could probably be the next best thing after sliced bread:

    • History no longer needs to die: Even with the best print, newspapers have a lifespan of 50 years. And Nigeria will be celebrating its 63rd birthday this year. These newspapers, these essential bits of history—without being archived—tend to be obliterated from history books. 
    • Complete access to all information: Knowing simple Nigerian history would no longer be impossible. Everything would be right there with a simple Google search.

    How can you support them?

    From buying a ₦15 million scanner to general administrative charges, their work requires huge dedication and huge amounts of funding

    They have raised $365 but would need up to $23,000.

    If you love Archivi.ng and its mission to recover Nigeria’s history, you can donate whatever you can to the cause here.

  • QUIZ: How Well Do You Know Nigerian Historic Sites?

    If you had a time machine and travelled back in Nigeria’s history, how many of these historic sites would you recognize?

  • QUIZ: Can You Identify These Nigerian Figures from Decades Ago?

    Word on the street is that Tinubu looked like a black panther back in the 70s. Whether or not that’s true, it doesn’t matter. The point is, would you have been able to recognize him or other Nigerian figures from the past? Take this and find out.

  • 6 Nigerian Icons Who Deserve Their Own Nollywood Biopic

    Nollywood is in a constant state of evolution. Over the past few years, the industry has found its way out of the ghetto. We bade adieu to bad wigs with no frontals and ghosts that obey traffic signs, and quickly said hello to that one bridge that never misses a project and an array of actors with accents we just can’t trace. All in all, we’ll take what we can get and call it progress. 

    Izu Ojukwu’s Amina is currently showing on Netflix. The film is one of the few Nollywood offerings that take us away from the overly milked Lekki-Ikoyi set “Why can’t I find a man” romcoms that come out every Eke market day. Chronicling the life of Northern icon and the original Khalessi, Queen Amina, the film had us thinking about some other badass (some are just downright bad) Nigerian historical figures that deserve biopics of their own. 

    Welcome to history class. 

    Fela and Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti 

    What better way to kick off our class than with the man Burna Boy so desperately wants to be like. Arguably the most famous Nigerian musician of all time, Fela has been sampled by everyone from Beyonce and Missy Elliot to Skales and Wizkid. While Fela has two plays based on his life with one showing on Broadway, seeing the story of the man who dared military leaders for breakfast on a big screen would slap real hard!

    Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, a renowned feminist leader, and mother to Fela is another figure who deserves a Nollywood biopic of her own. Before she was thrown out from a second-story window by the military in 1977, the original badass Kuti had her foot on the necks of the British and the Nigerian military. She was known to lead marches, revolting against unfair taxation. She’s also famous for being the first woman to drive, a feat some of us have failed to achieve years later

    General Sani Abacha

    Uganda has The Last King of Scotland, Britain has all the adaptations of Henry VIII, so it’s only right we get a full feature film about the military dictator who “allegedly” met his death eating a ₦100 green apple. General Sani Abacha who ruled Nigeria like Game of Thrones’ Jeoffery is by far one of the most brutal leaders this country has ever seen. His reign of terror lasted from 1993 – 1998. The man was offing people left, right, and center. However, these days, Abacha randomly gifts Nigerians a couple of millions from all the money he looted during his tenure. Where does this money go? Well, tomorrow is another day. 

    Samuel Ajayi-Crowther

    We all know The Oscars love a good slave story. Well, Samuel Ajayi-Crowther is our shot at the gold naked man. Slave turned linguist, turned the first African Anglican Bishop, Crowther served us some serious range! Our good bishop was praised for his contribution to education and religion in the country. Years later, he was eventually pressured out of his position. Why? well, two European missionaries accused African pastors of fraud, ignorance, and immorality – smells like racism. Imagine a Nollywood biopic about this? The drama! The tea!

    Nnamdi Azikiwe

    It’s not easy being the face on ₦500. When you’re big, you’re actually big! Popularly known as Zik, Nnamdi Azikwe was famous for forming a temporary government alongside another iconic figure, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. He received the largely honorary posts of President of the Senate, Governor-general, and, finally, first President of Nigeria from 1963 – 1966. A controversial figure during the Biafran War, his biopic will be sure to feature long monologues and enough political backstabbing to have us at the edge of our seats. 

    Kanu Nwankwo

    Kanu Nwankwo, also known as Papilo is one of the most famous Nigerian footballers of all time. Scoring two last-minute goals that saw Nigeria beat Brazil, he led the country to victory at the 1996 Olympics. He is also famous for that one milk ad that we all couldn’t escape growing up. Whether or not we’ve made our parents proud is still up for debate. We are sure that a Nollywood biopic, aptly titled Papilo, will have Nigerian cinemas in a chokehold. 

  • QUIZ: How Well Do You Know Nigeria?

    Take this quiz to prove how much you actually know about Naija:

  • 17 Images That Show Nigeria’s Vast History
    This Twitter account @SeeMeSeeNigeria, compiles the most interesting facts in Nigerian history. We compiled these awesome pictures from Nigeria’s past that we weren’t taught in school. Thank us later for this lesson in history.

    1. The oldest record of Efik language in written form.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/691183693965058049

    2. The first Igbo bible written in 1913.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/758235868733829120

    3. The 1st successful open heart surgery in West Africa was performed at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital in Enugu.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/755343173480804353

    4. A rare picture of the ancient Bornu empire.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/747387379502178304

    5. Priscilla Nzimiro, the first female doctor to work in the entire Igbo region.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/742808887544287234

    6. Igwe Israel Iweka, the monarch responsible for the construction of the popular Iweka road in Onitsha.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/689394423382183936

    7. When the Earl of Plymouth visited the Oba of Benin back in 1935.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/738643902048002048

    8. The oldest canoe in Africa which was discovered by a Fulani herdsman in 1987.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/730352140405743616

    9. Esie museum, Nigeria’s first museum located in Kwara state.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/724557428537303040

    10. This facial scarification was used to identify royalty in Igbo land.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/718442838619504640

    11. A view of Tinubu street on Amalgamation Day in 1914.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/693750621900402688

    12. This photo of a village court in Uyo was captured in 1949.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/689100096353341441

    13. An emergency currency used in Nigeria in 1918.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/689082377713262592

    14. A woman in Borno riding a cow, like a boss!

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/687990199951835141

    15. How soldiers celebrated the end of the unfortunate civil war in 1970.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/687239018698821632

    16. That time current Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, met Nigerian Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon, as a little boy.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/674946078186323968

    17. A view of Kano City in the 50s.

    https://twitter.com/SeeMeSeeNigeria/status/654302549080711168
    Featured image credit: Getty Images

    This is post is brought to you by MAGGI @ 50:

    The big idea for the MAGGI 50th anniversary campaign is: Let’s Celebrate. We intend to do this primarily by sending gift boxes containing specially curated ingredients and gifts to women influencers pan Nigeria & beyond for trusting MAGGI in the past years, and in the future ahead. Click the link below to learn more.