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Stephen Agwaibor, Author at Zikoko!
  • Let’s say you’re President Bola Tinubu. You inherit a central bank that has lost its way under the leadership of its governor, Godwin Emefiele, who made life hard for the average Nigerian. For instance, his mismanagement of the Ways and Means advance, where he printed and recklessly advanced money to the government, contributed to inflation. As the new guy, you’ve had enough of him and decided to suspend him. 

    So far—DSS detainment of Emefiele aside—everything seems textbook. Until you decide to appoint someone to probe everything the CBN has done. The appointee is a man with a controversial history—a man whose name is Jim Osayande Obazee.

    Who is Jim Obazee?

    Obazee was born on March 28, 1965. He’s from Edo state. He is an accounting graduate from the University of Benin and holds a master’s degree in the same course from the University of Lagos. Obazee is also a member of the Nigeria Institute of Management and the American Accounting Association. He holds a certificate in strategic financial analysis for business evaluation from Harvard University.

    Obazee was the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRC) between 2010 and 2017. The FRC was formerly the Nigerian Accounting Standards Board (NASB). It sets the accounting standards used in Nigeria. In January 2017, he was sacked by President Buhari. It’s here that things get very interesting.

    What controversy has Obazee found himself in?

    In 2017, The Cable reported on Obazee, describing him as the “man of controversies.” Going back to 2013, he was accused of sexual harassment by his then-personal assistant. The complainant wrote a letter to the FRC describing how Obazee professed his love for her even though she was married. She claimed he transferred and eventually sacked her when she refused his advances. He defended her sack by claiming the complainant had a “history of poor performance at work.”

    Obazee has also sparred with influential people. These include the former CBN governor, Lamido Sanusi, whom he recommended for the sack due to financial recklessness. Based on the recommendation, former President Jonathan sacked Sanusi in 2014.

    Obazee also took on the founder of Stanbic IBTC bank, Atedo Peterside. In 2015, the FRC suspended Peterside’s FRC number and those belonging to senior bank officials over financial infractions. The FRC also imposed a ₦‎1 billion fine on the bank.

    In 2016, Obazee squared off against Pastor Enoch Adeboye of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG). The faceoff had to do with a directive that demanded heads of not-for-profit organisations step down after twenty years in office. This led Adeboye to step down while naming Joshua Obayemi as head of the RCCG in Nigeria while he remained General Overseer worldwide. Buhari fired Obazee and reconstituted the FRC board in 2017 due to the controversy this issue caused.

    What does Tinubu want from Obazee?

    According to Sahara Reporters, Obazee received his appointment letter dated July 28. The immediately effective appointment will see Obazee report directly to the president. Part of the letter reads, “You are to investigate the CBN and related entities using a suitably experienced, competent, and capable team and work with relevant security and anti-corruption agencies to deliver on this assignment. I shall expect a weekly briefing on the progress being made.”

    What have reactions to his appointment been like?

    There have been mixed reactions to his appointment. Some have asked whether a thorough vetting process was conducted before the appointment.

    Others say the appointment was the right call.

    In any case, the next few weeks will be interesting to watch. The President and Emefiele will—for different reasons—be looking forward to learning what Obazee uncovers.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • Three significant events stood out this week in Nigeria. Depending on how you look at them, they elicited reactions ranging from sheer outrage to ineffable joy. For Navigating Nigeria, we’ll take you through the rollercoaster moments that made this week memorable as July comes to a close.

    Our journey begins in Nigeria’s Red Chamber, the Senate.

    Akpabio’s gaffe

    While Nigeria’s Senate President, Godswill Akpabio, may have reached the apex of his political career, it seems he is still looking to outdo himself by how deep in trouble he can put himself in. We haven’t forgotten his public confession when as the Minister of the Niger Delta, he fingered members of the House of Representatives (HOR) whom he claimed benefitted from some lucrative contracts. It took the intervention of one of them on live TV to beg Akpabio to “off his mic” to stop him from incriminating everyone. 

    Akpabio, described as an “uncommon” senator, has promised to run an uncommon Senate. As he’s learning rather quickly, uncommon can become unpopular in a jiffy. In a viral video from a plenary session during the week, Akpabio asked the Senate to vote on a prayer to “let the poor breathe”. The manner of delivery, which appeared to be mocking, didn’t sit well with Nigerians. They lashed out at the uncommon senator.

    The office of the Senate President had to issue a press release. It clarified that it was a “harmless statement” based on a motion moved by another senator to halt the electricity tariff hike.

    Nigerians aren’t smiling during this period. The last thing they need is a legislature that makes fun of their plight. Let’s hope Akpabio has learned his lesson.

    Tinubu’s ministerial list

    President Tinubu’s ministerial list finally reached the public and was met with mixed reactions. Early observations indicated that the list had just 28 names. The names were also weighted in favour of career politicians ahead of technocrats. No portfolios were attached to them either, which is unusual. Tinubu’s Chief of Staff, Femi Gbajabiamila, said it was intentional. Here’s how he explained it to the press:

    “So many of these things have merits and demerits, advantages and disadvantages. I like the idea of attaching portfolios. I do because it makes it necessary for the Senate to know exactly what you’re asking and looking for.

    But for now, it’s been thought wise that we stick to the tradition of sending the names and then, while the screening processes are going on, allow Mr. President and his team to look at the portfolios and the characters and see how they fit.

    The first step that he has done is that these people can work wherever you put them. Except in specialized fields like attorney general and what have you. But in the main time, he believes most of them can fit in anywhere.”

    Constitutional lawyer, Festus Ogun, isn’t having any of that.

    The Senate plans to begin screening on Monday. It’ll be curious to observe how that plays out. 

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    All hail the Super Falcons

    [Osinachi Ohale and Onome Ebi celebrate at the full-time whistle. Photograph: Bradley Kanaris/Getty Images]

    By the time you read this, at least two days will have elapsed since the events of that heroic night on July 27 in Brisbane, Australia. Nigeria’s female national team, the Super Falcons, beat Australia with a 3-2 score at the ongoing FIFA Women’s World Cup.

    Football unites Nigerians more than anything, and for those 100+ minutes of that engaging contest, Nigerians went through all the motions together. 

    The match stats tell an exciting story. 

    For the most part, the Australians had control of the ball and dominated early proceedings. Nigeria, which had a solid defense for most of the game, conceded first in the 45th minute. The atmosphere was rapturous, and it looked like we would head into half-time with a loss. But the antifragile Super Falcons had different ideas.

    In what was effectively the last kick of the first half after 5 minutes of added time, Uchenna Kanu scored a wonderful goal—a combination of good play and a fortuitous deflection. Cue the reactions from Nigerians halfway across the world.

    1-1, halftime.

    By the second half, our ladies were amped. In the 65th minute, our star striker, Asisat Oshoala, was introduced to the pitch. You could hear the palpable silence in the stadium, almost as if the Australians could foretell the pain that was to come. 

    Osinachi Ohale put us ahead a minute later, despite getting a heavy knock in the process. 

    2-1, Nigeria.

    Oshoala tormented the Australian backline and got her reward in the 72nd minute after a mixup in the Australian defense allowed her to score a brilliant goal from a wide angle. Taking off her shirt in celebration may have earned her a yellow card, but the iconic celebration will live long in the memory of Nigerians. 

    3-1, Nigeria.

    [Asisat Oshoala of Nigeria celebrates after scoring her team’s third goal. (Photo by Justin Setterfield/Getty Images)]

    Her goal made her the first African woman to score at three World Cups. She previously scored in 2019 and 2015. And while the Australians managed to pull one back deep into stoppage time, Nigeria, led by coach Randy Waldrum, emerged triumphant with three goals and three points.

    3:2, Nigeria. FT.

    The result leaves us at the top of the table and in a good position to make the next round. A draw in our last game against already-eliminated Ireland would be enough. This is remarkable, given the team’s issues leading up to the showpiece. 

    Allegations of misappropriation, delayed payments, and a war of words between Waldrum and the Nigerian Football Federation (NFF) led many to fear the worst. But after a resilient showing against Olympic champion Canada, where we earned a point, there was some hope that the girls might be up to something, and they delivered in fine fashion.

    Whatever they do going forward, the Super Falcons deserve our utmost respect for acting professionally and bringing joy to the faces of millions of Nigerians. As always, we will be cheering them on and hope they have fun doing what they do best.

    Nigeria’s next match is on Monday, July 31, at 11 a.m.

  • On Thursday, July 27, the Senate President, Godswill Akpabio, received the ministerial list from the president’s office. Femi Gbajabiamila, the Chief of Staff to the President, presented the list to Akpabio at exactly 01:19 pm.  

    Twenty-eight nominees have made the list, including 21 men and seven women. Who are they?

    Ministerial nominees

    Abubakar Momoh

    A lawmaker from Edo State. He was a former member of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) before defecting to the All Progressives Congress (APC) in 2019.

    Yusuf Maitama Tuggar

    Tuggar is a politician and diplomat serving as the Nigerian ambassador to Germany. He hails from Bauchi state.

    Ahmad Dangiwa

    Architect and former CEO of the Federal Mortgage Bank. He’s from Katsina state.

    Hannatu Musawa

    Initially appointed by Tinubu as a special adviser on entertainment and culture, Musawa has now been upgraded to minister. She’s a lawyer and comes from Katsina state.

    Uche Nnaji

    A politician from Enugu state, Nnaji was the APC’s flag-bearer in the 2023 gubernatorial election.

    Betta Edu

    Edu is an APC national women leader and former commissioner for health in Cross River state.

    Doris Anite Uzoka

    Uzoka is from Imo State. Before her appointment, she was the state’s commissioner for finance and coordinating economy.

    David Umahi

    Umahi was the former governor of Ebonyi. He’s a senator in the tenth national assembly.

    Ezenwo Nyesom Wike

    Wike is a former governor of Rivers state. He was also a leading contender for the PDP’s presidential ticket before losing out and forming the breakaway group of PDP governors known as the G5 that opposed Atiku Abubakar’s ambition. He was instrumental, albeit in controversial circumstances marred by blatant rigging, to the APC winning the presidential election in Rivers state.

    Muhammed Badaru Abubakar

    Abubakar is the former governor of Jigawa state. He has also chaired presidential committees on fertilizer as well as non-oil revenue.

    Nasir El-Rufai

    El-Rufai is a former FCT minister and former governor of Kaduna state. He has served in various capacities in previous administrations and was a key ally to former President Buhari and now, Tinubu.

    Ekperikpe Ekpo

    Ekpo was a former senatorial candidate for the APC in Akwa-Ibom North West district. He would later step down for Akpabio, who emerged as Senate President.

    Nkeiruka Onyejeocha

    Onyejeocha is a lawmaker in the House of Representatives (HOR). She lost her position as deputy whip to a lawmaker from the Labour Party. She comes from Abia state.

    Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo

    Tunji-Ojo hails from Ondo state. He’s a former business and management executive who forayed into politics by becoming elected to the HOR in 2019.

    Stella Okotete

    Okotete was, before her appointment, an Executive Director (Business Development) at the Nigeria Export-Import (NEXIM) Bank. A position she was appointed to by President Buhari. She has also served as a women’s national leader in the APC. Okotete comes from Delta state.

    Uju Kennedy-Ohanenye

    Kennedy-Ohanenye is a barrister from Anambra state. She famously ran for the presidential ticket under the APC before dropping out.

    Bello Muhammad Goronyo

    Goronyo is from Sokoto state. He was formerly of the PDP before he defected in 2019. Goronyo was a former commissioner of information and the Zonal Secretary North West of the APC.

    Dele Alake

    Alake, a long-time buddy of Tinubu, is the Special Adviser to the President, Special Duties, Communications, and Strategy. His position has now been upgraded to a ministerial portfolio.

    Lateef Fagbemi

    Fagbemi comes from Ijagbo, Kwara State. He is a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN). 

    Mohammad Idris

    Idris hails from Niger state. He was a former commissioner for information and strategy.

    Olawale Edun

    Edun is a banker with a corporate finance, economics, and international finance background. He was a former commissioner of finance in Lagos under Tinubu as governor. Prior to his nomination, he was a special adviser to the president.

    Waheed Adebayo Adelabu

    Adebayo is a former deputy governor of the CBN and a former governorship candidate of APC from Oyo State.

    Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim

    Sulaiman-Ibrahim was born in Jos but was raised in Abuja. She’s a politician and businesswoman who has served as Federal Commissioner of the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants, and Internally Displaced Persons under President Buhari.

    Muhammad Ali Pate

    Pate is a politician, physician, and professor of public health. Born in Bauchi state, he was a former minister of state for health. In February 2023, Pate was appointed Chief Executive Officer of GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance. He has, however, resigned his position to resume public office.

    Joseph Utsev

    Utsev has a background in engineering and hails from Benue state.

    Abubakar Kyari

    Kyari was a senator representing Borno North Senatorial District of Borno State from 2015 until his resignation in April 2022. He is a member and the acting national chairman of the APC.

    John Enoh

    Enoh is a former senator who hails from Cross River state.

    Sani Abubakar Danladi

    Danladi is a former acting governor and former senator whose tenure was shortlived after a Supreme Court ruling unseated him. He’s from Taraba state. 

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • You may have encountered the cliche “Politics is a dirty game.” This expression often describes politics as a free-for-all fight where everything is considered fair game in the quest for power. Nigerian politics, for example, is notorious for various shady practices. During campaigning and election season, politicians and their aides take to the streets to canvass votes using different tactics. Based on this, it’s easy to conclude that politics is a dirty game.

    Let’s look at three tactics promoting the idea that Nigerian politics is a dirty game.

    Vote buying

    Vote buying is one prominent example. It often involves an exchange in which voters sell their votes to the highest bidder. In Nigeria, you may observe this practice in internal democracies, that is, within parties when delegates get to vote on who their party flag-bearer should be. It’s also a feature in general elections.

    In a paper by the Governance and Social Development Resource Centre (GSDRC), it notes: “In accepting or rejecting offers, or in changing or not changing their electoral behaviour, recipients may be acting, among other things, out of fear, duty, indignity, gratitude, righteousness, or calculated self-interest.” 

    However, vote buying isn’t necessarily always economical. It could also be a combination of economic and social rituals. In places where the practice has become deep-rooted, politicians come to expect it as a “duty.” For some Nigerian voters, it is their way of laying claim to the “national cake.”

    Addressing vote buying means understanding the various institutional and socio-economic contexts that influence it, such as tradition and poverty. We should also account for the sentimental meanings people attach to these gestures before we can eradicate them.

    Dog-whistling

    The term is named after the dog whistle, which is audible to dogs but not humans. In politics, dog-whistling describes a communication strategy politicians use to send out a coded message. On the surface, it may appear harmless, but to the subgroup of people the message is targeted at, it carries a serious tone that may be harmful.

    In America, Donald Trump’s campaign mantra “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) has been described as dog-whistling that appeals to people of white background. In Nigeria, leading up to the election, the phrase “Yoruba Ronu” (Yorubas, Think!) was widely interpreted as dog-whistling. 

    The term was the title of a famous play by Hebert Ogunde, which attacked the then-premier of the Western Region, Ladoke Akintola. 

    [Hebert Ogunde / The Guardian]

    The phrase, however, took on a sinister meaning during the 2023 elections when APC Youth Leader, Dayo Israel, posted it after the 2023 presidential election. It would become a rallying cry in the subsequent gubernatorial election in Lagos that witnessed targeted harassment and violence against residents suspected to be Igbo. 

    Dog-whistling plays on fears, biases, or preconceptions of people without explicitly stating them. And as the Lagos election showed, it can lead to violence. As such, this tactic should be discouraged.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    Bigotry

    A bigot is one who is intolerant of beliefs, lifestyles or identities that differ from theirs. Anyone who engages in this is practising bigotry. Unfortunately, bigotry is a mainstay in Nigerian politics and takes different forms. The most prominent of which is tribalism.

    Ordinarily, the term tribalism has positive connotations. The Cambridge Dictionary defines it as “the state of existing as a tribe, or a very strong feeling of loyalty to your tribe.” However, the sense in which tribalism can be described as bigotry is best captured by Walter Schwarz in his 1966 article, “Tribalism and Politics in Nigeria.”

    Schwarz was a former Nigeria correspondent for The Observer and The Economist before the military regime expelled him. Below is how he describes tribalism in Nigeria:

    Tribal and ethnic bigotry is commonplace in Nigerian politics, particularly in the heat of elections. The idea that one ethnic group is superior to another, pushing stereotypes and placing ethnicity above merit, are problems that have persisted for decades.

    Bigotry manifests itself in hate speech, harassment, marginalisation and the violation of human rights. It breeds distrust and makes governance difficult. So when people say politics is a dirty game, they’re likely referencing the abovementioned tactics.

    Can Nigerian politics be clean?

    Absolutely yes. In an earlier piece, we explained that politics shouldn’t be a do-or-die thing. We also noted that politicians should prioritise the national interest over party and selfish interests. It is possible to win elections without using any of these tactics. Yes, a difference in opinion or ideology is unavoidable, but we can disagree to agree so long we stay on the right side of the law. We should promote tolerance over bigotry, unity over dog-whistling, and a good track record over vote buying.

    Ultimately, the journey to making Nigerian politics clean again can only happen with deep retrospection and a commitment by all political actors towards ensuring that dirty politics no longer has a foothold in Nigeria.

  • For the average Nigerian, July has been a rough start to the year’s second half as many await renewed hope. But for Abubakar Malami, July looks like the beginning of a series of tough months ahead. Based on the latest news reports that centre on transactions he oversaw while in office, Malami is truly having it rough.

    The Cable on July 24 exclusively reported that Malami, the former Attorney General of the Federation (AGF), will be interrogated over at least five suspicious transactions during his time in office. While no charges have been brought yet against him, he will undoubtedly be apprehensive, going by the experiences of former EFCC chair Abdulrasheed Bawa and former CBN governor Godwin Emefiele, who are both in custody and were key figures in the last administration.

    So why is Malami staring down a barrel of hot soup? Here’s what you need to know.

    [Abubakar Malami / The Guardian]

    What are the five transactions Malami is facing investigation for?

    Malami served as both the AGF and Minister of Justice under President Buhari. His appointment in 2015 made him the youngest minister in Buhari’s cabinet. In his position, the 56-year-old Malami was the point of call for arbitrage and settling disputes and transactions involving the federal government.

    According to The Cable, here are the five transactions Malami is facing investigation for:

    Ajaokuta settlement

    The name Ajaokuta is synonymous with “wastage” and white elephant ventures. The moribund steel project in Kogi state has been the subject of several controversies

    The gist is quite long, but the abridged version of it goes something like this:

    In September 2022, the FG resolved a long-standing contractual dispute with Global Steel over the Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited (ASCL) and National Iron Ore Mining Company (NIOMCO) Itakpe concessions. Instead of paying an original claim of $5.258 billion, Nigeria secured a 91% reduction and agreed to pay $496 million following threats of the dispute being taken up at the International Criminal Court (ICC).

    The dispute began in 2008 when Global Steel’s concessions were revoked for alleged asset stripping and tax evasion. In 2016 a modified concession agreement was executed, allowing Global Steel to retain Itakpe. The recent settlement rescued Nigeria’s steel, iron ore, and rail industries, but other allegations remain unresolved. Malami’s role in the ordeal and how he handled some settlements is what is being investigated.

    Mysterious sales of recovered assets

    The EFCC questioned Ladidi Mohammed, the head of the asset recovery and management unit in the Ministry of Justice, about fraud allegations in August 2022. They didn’t charge her, however. She claimed to have acted under instructions from Malami in selling recovered assets worth billions. Malami reportedly granted a confidential multibillion-naira asset recovery contract to Gerry Ikputu & Partners and their legal agent, M. E. Sheriff & Co., offering them three per cent of the value of each successful recovery. The AGF and the justice ministry were criticised for engaging private firms instead of using competent anti-graft agencies like the EFCC and ICPC for asset recovery.

    [Ladidi Mohammed / The Cable]

    Paris Club refunds

    During Malami’s tenure, consultants who claimed they assisted states in calculating their share of the Paris Club refunds sued the FG. They demanded payment for their services.

    Malami opted for an out-of-court settlement. He agreed that the states would pay $418 million to the consultants, deducted from their federation allocations over time. 

    This led to a public disagreement between Malami and the governors. The Nigeria Governors’ Forum (NGF) accused the consultants of using Malami to obtain the states’ funds. The NGF contested the deduction, and a federal high court in Abuja restrained the consultants from transacting with the promissory notes. The case, which involves Senator Ned Nwoko, is ongoing in court.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    Mambila deal

    In early 2020, Malami committed the federal government to pay Sunrise Power and Transmission Company Limited (SPTCL) $200 million as a “final settlement” for the Mambilla power project dispute in Taraba state. 

    This settlement was to avoid an arbitration claim by Sunrise in France over an alleged breach of contract. The project, delayed since the 1970s, aims to be the country’s largest power plant with a capacity of 3,050 megawatts. Previously, Sunrise Power had accused the government of sidelining them from the project against the advice of Malami. 

    However, in a response dated April 20, Buhari replied to a memo by Malami regarding the settlement, saying, “FG does not have USD 200 million to pay SPTCL”. The case is still in arbitration.

    Abacha loot

    No story revolving around graft in Nigeria is complete without mentioning the former head of state, Sani Abacha. 

    In 1999, the Nigerian government hired Swiss lawyer Enrico Monfrini to recover looted funds traced to Abacha. After seven years of work, Monfrini successfully recovered $321 million from Luxembourg banks, which the Swiss government then held.

    Instead of directly requesting the transfer of the funds to Nigeria, Abubakar Malami engaged two lawyers, Oladipo Okpeseyi and Temitope Adebayo. They wrote a letter to the Swiss authorities requesting the return of the funds. These lawyers were paid $17 million in “professional fees.” This figure was more than what the Swiss lawyer received for tracing and recovering the funds. 

    Okpeseyi was associated with the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC). President Buhari founded the party, and Malami was the party’s legal adviser.

  • Students of the University of Lagos (UNILAG) received a rude awakening when, on July 21, the school announced that it had “reviewed obligatory fees” upwards. The mandatory charges are coming in light of what the school said were “prevailing economic realities and the need for the University to be able to meet its obligations to its students, staff, and municipal service providers, among others.”

    The school said it consulted with stakeholders, including students and their guardians, before making this decision. Interestingly, UNILAG describes itself as “the school of first choice and the nation’s pride.” However, with the increment set to happen at the beginning of the 2023/2024 academic session, students may have to rethink whether they’d still stick with UNILAG as their first choice.

    Here’s what fees look like now for new undergraduate students:

    And here’s what fees look like for returning undergraduate students:

    For comparison, previous fees for new undergraduate students were around ₦55,000, while returning students paid ₦15,000. While tuition remains free, the other mandatory expenses have gone up considerably. Understandably, the news has sparked strong reactions online.

    What are the arguments in favour?

    One major issue that has plagued public tertiary institutions is the lack of funding. You can draw a straight line between every strike that has occurred since the beginning of time and challenges relating to poor remuneration for staff and underfunding, leading to a paucity of research and development. 

    ASUU has argued for university autonomy, allowing institutions to raise funds for themselves rather than being overly dependent on government subventions. And although ASUU didn’t sanction this increase, it’s hard to see them argue against it. Some say Nigerian tertiary education is too subsidised and don’t consider the new fees expensive.

    According to Deborah Tolu-Kolawole, who covers Nigerian tertiary education extensively, the hike in fees was inevitable. In a series of tweets, she explained that schools were struggling to stay afloat, with the federal government unwilling to release more funds.

    She notes that for now, some subsidy is still in place, as evidenced by the zero cost of tuition. She warned that there will be more increments once full autonomy is granted to universities. This is where the Student Loan Act will come into play.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    What are the arguments against it?

    In economics, a public good is a commodity or service made available to all members of society. Typically, these services are administered by governments and paid for collectively through taxation.

    A 2018 paper by the UNESCO Chair on Human Rights and Ethics of International Cooperation, Rita Locatelli, argues that education should be a public good in light of “current trends in the privatisation and marketisation of education.” 

    UNESCO recommends 15-20% of public expenditure on education. Nigeria has never met that threshold. 

    One in every five of the world’s out-of-school children is in Nigeria. Among those who manage to brave all odds and make it to university, they will now have to contend with this new hurdle of a fee hike. If other public universities follow UNILAG’s example, this will exclude even more students from tertiary education that they can’t afford.

    So while we recognise that universities need funding and that education is subsidised in Nigeria, we also recognise that it is for good reason. The timing of this hike in light of economic circumstances is tough to justify, at least on moral grounds. 

    As it stands in Nigeria today, the return on investment in education is negative. This is apparent in the fact that many university graduates are unemployed. Hiking fees perpetuate the common Nigerian saying, “School na scam.” If fewer students get access to subsidised education, the outcome for Nigeria could be unpalatable.

    In related news in education, the FG recently increased fees in federal government colleges, aka Unity Schools, by 122%. All of these combined will cause human capital development to slide even further. Nigeria’s prospects of leaving the ghetto might become bleak. 

    For now, UNILAG students are facing the brunt of it. Other universities are watching, and they will join in sooner or later. At some point, the federal government will have to lift its head out of the sand and intervene, or we could be staring at a full-blown state of emergency in Nigeria’s education sector.

  • It’s no longer news that fuel is the latest luxury item, with a new announcement on July 18 of yet another price hike. While President Tinubu and his team have to figure out how to deal with growing discontent, we decided to create this quiz to test your knowledge of the fuel price hike. Feeling confident? Give it a shot.

  • The Nigerian Senate, also known as the Red Chamber, on July 19, resolved to remove age limits for jobseekers. If the executive agrees to this, job adverts in Nigeria will be mandated by law to no longer include age requirements. Employers will also not be allowed to screen job seekers based on age.

    Online, there have been mixed reactions to this news. Some have hailed the move for removing barriers to employment, while others say it’s a smokescreen that shies away from addressing the root causes of unemployment.

    Background

    At the plenary on Wednesday, the Senate adopted a motion. It had the title “Age Requirement Pre-condition for Employment in Nigeria, Urgent Need for Intervention.” Abba Moro, a PDP senator from Benue South, sponsored this motion.

    Moro argued that age limits were discriminatory and violated Chapter 4, Section 42(2) of the Nigerian Constitution. The section touches on the right to freedom from discrimination.

    Moro also cited the International Labour Organisation (ILO), a UN agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice. He argued that economic discrimination fell short of the ILO’s standards.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    In Moro’s words, it was pathetic “that a graduate in Nigeria who could not get a job upon graduation and decided to back to school with the hope that a higher qualification, vis-a-vis a second or Masters Degree, could give him a better employment opportunity is thrown into a career paradox when upon completion of his Master’s Degree he comes out to find that he is now above the age of employment and therefore not employable by the sole reason of his age.”

    He added, “It is ironical that a graduate in this country can serve in the National Youth Service Corps programme at age 30 but cannot be gainfully employed after that on the fact that he/ she is now above 30 years, a situation that is a flagrant breach of his fundamental rights.”

    Moro noted that this discrimination created a breeding ground for age fraud within the Nigerian Civil Service and beyond.

    What else should you know?

    The Senate is asking the Federal Ministry of Labour, Employment, and Productivity, and other related agencies to dissuade private employers from turning away people based on age. It also wants the ministry to develop policies that grant equal access and treatment in the workplace.

    All of this remains tentative. But if it passes into law, older Nigerians of employable age might heave a sigh—even if temporary—of relief.

  • There’s no fun way to announce this, so let’s just rip out the band-aid. In breaking news, the Daily Trust reports that fuel price has increased in Abuja to ₦617 per litre. 

    It’s all anyone is talking about. Fuel is currently the number one trending keyword on Twitter.

    This isn’t pretty news for many Nigerians who looked forward to renewed hope when President Tinubu was sworn into office. 

    A tale of two eras

    At his inauguration, Tinubu went off-script and announced the removal of the fuel subsidy. This announcement, in more ways than one, signalled the start of a new era. For context, the average retail price of fuel in April was ₦254 per litre.

    At the time of the announcement, Tinubu was greeted with applause by some Nigerians. Exactly 50 days later, not many people are applauding him, as painful realities have set in.

    Granted, the removal of the subsidy was a foregone conclusion. All the leading presidential candidates promised that it would be gone. A decades-long experiment that amounted to trillions of naira finally led Nigerians to see that it was no longer sustainable. However, there have been continued debates on whether Tinubu’s approach was the best.

    Tinubu’s early moves in office suggested he was undertaking neoliberal economic reforms, which he was implementing all at once. These include the unification of the exchange rate and the widening of the tax base. While he was lauded in several quarters for the boldness and swiftness with which he undertook them, there were fears that all these measures implemented in one go could exert pressure on the economy.

    KPMG, in its economic snapshot for June, noted: “We are of the opinion that while these reforms and adjustments are bold and indeed necessary to maintain long-term macroeconomic stability, the timing could be adjusted to allow households and businesses to adjust. 

    “However, the government appears to have decided on a strategy to push through all its difficult and needed reforms all at once and as fast as possible while it is still easier to do… This approach has, however, had mixed success across countries.”

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    Reduction in fuel consumption, increase in fuel price

    On Monday, the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) announced that fuel consumption has declined since the removal of the subsidy. Not surprising since people are now rationing fuel due to the increase in cost. But by just how much has consumption dropped?

    Here’s what Ahmed Farouk, the Chief Executive of NMDPRA, had to say about that:

    “In January, consumption was 62 million litres per day. In February, 62 million litres per day. March was 71.4 million litres per day. In April, it was 67.7 million litres per day. May had 66.6 million litres per day. By June, it was 49.5 million litres per day. In July, it’s 46.3 million litres per day.”

    Farouk noted that the new figure of 46.3 million litres per day represented a 35% reduction compared to the 65 million litres per day before the subsidy removal. 

    A drastic reduction in the demand for fuel should ordinarily result in a fall in the price of fuel. On the contrary, fuel price is going up. 

    One possible explanation for this is the exchange rate. Nigeria imports its refined crude using dollars, and with the naira falling relative to the dollar, it will reflect in the prices. We can only hope the price will reduce when Dangote’s refinery begins operations, which is still projected for year’s end.

    Meanwhile, the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) raising petrol prices in Abuja from ₦537 to ₦617 per litre will signal other independent marketers nationwide to follow suit. The price of petrol varies across states. Prices are expected to be higher up north than down south due to transport and logistics costs.

    Renewed hope vs renewed worries

    In an earlier report about Tinubu’s economic growth plan, we noted that the euphoria Tinubu earned in his early days in office would eventually run out. This was echoed by political commentator Feyi Fawehinmi when he said, “Tinubu’s early moves have all been plucking low-hanging fruits. But you still have to credit him for bothering to pluck them… [He] will eventually run out of easy wins; the test starts then.” 

    Between the labour unions clamouring for an upward review of the minimum wage, a running court case disputing his right to be president, and millions of Nigerians feeling the economic crunch, Tinubu is in a race against time to deliver the renewed hope that he promised. Whatever ace he may have up his sleeves, now’s the time to play it. 

  • President Bola Tinubu has found himself in hot water over statements made by his legal team at the ongoing Presidential Election Petition Tribunal (PEPT). 

    In case you’ve been living under a rock, Tinubu has been fighting on multiple fronts since he assumed office. Following his declaration as president by the Independent and National Electoral Commission (INEC), his opponents have dragged him and INEC to court over controversies and irregularities surrounding the February 25 presidential election. 

    His adversaries in the boxing ring are the PDP’s Atiku Abubakar and the Labour Party’s (LP) Peter Obi. Tinubu had 8,794,726 votes, with Abubakar and Obi getting 6,984,520 votes and 6,101,533 votes, respectively.

    They’re contesting that Tinubu shouldn’t have been declared the winner, having failed to meet electoral requirements. In an earlier article, we did an explainer highlighting the suits brought against Tinubu’s presidency. The one which has stirred reaction the most is the 25% criterion in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Only the LP met this threshold. 

    Tinubu’s legal team is led by Wole Olanipekun (SAN). The team filed a final written address dated July 14. This was in response to the petitions brought against them by the LP and the PDP. 

    What was in Tinubu’s lawyers’ final address?

    According to ThisDay, Tinubu’s lawyers argued that nullifying the election results because Tinubu failed to meet 25% in the FCT could “lead to absurdity, chaos, anarchy and alteration of the very intention of the legislature.” 

    The address noted: “May we draw the attention of the court to the fact that there is no punctuation (comma) in the entire section 134(2)(b) of the Constitution, particularly immediately after the ‘States’ and the succeeding ‘and’ connecting the Federal Capital Territory with the States. In essence, the reading of the subsection has to be conjunctive and not disjunctive, as the Constitution clearly makes it so. 

    Pressed further by this constitutional imperative, the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, is taken ‘as if’ it is the 37th State, under and by virtue of section 299 of the Constitution. 

    With much respect, any other interpretation different from this will lead to absurdity, chaos, anarchy and alteration of the very intention of the legislature.”

    Tinubu’s team also wants the court to bar Obi from contesting should the election be nullified. According to The Cable, Olanipekun argued that Obi’s claim lacked merit. They say he wasn’t on the LP’s membership register when he contested the presidency. He added:

    “Obi is constitutionally barred from participating in any election, in the very unlikely event that the election of 25th February 2023 is voided, as the only candidates constitutionally prescribed to contest any subsequent election shall be Tinubu and the candidate of the PDP, Atiku Abubakar who came second, by scoring the next majority of votes in the highest number of States (19 States), to the 1st petitioner’s 16 States, and also coming second by plurality of votes, having scored 6,984,520, far and above 1st petitioner’s 6,101,533 votes.”

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    What have the reactions been like?

    The Chief Spokesperson of the Labour Party Presidential Campaign Council, Yunusa Tanko, described the statement as “threatening the whole country”.

    Demola Rewaju, a Special Assistant on Digital Media Strategy to Atiku Abubakar, tweeted: “As long as the Constitution swore in Bola Tinubu, he can be removed by the Constitution. It’s as simple as that. The resort to blackmail and threats of anarchy will amount to nothing once a judgement is delivered.”

    However, Dada Olusegun, the Special Assistant to the President on Digital Communications, has described the reports as “fake”. He tweeted, “President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s counsel didn’t argue nullifying the election would lead to anarchy. They argued that Abuja is the 37th state for electoral purposes, and any other interpretation would lead to anarchy. But as usual, the fake news machines are desperate to twist it.”

    IPC Justice, which investigates corruption in politics and the judiciary, issued a statement to security agencies. It urged them to “resist any directive that undermines the fundamental rights guaranteed under our shared social contract.”

    What else should you know?

    It’s not clear when a ruling will be made on this matter by the PEPT. Regardless, it’s expected that whatever judgement the tribunal passes will be contested all the way to the Supreme Court. This could be several months away. We will keep you up to date with any updates as the case progresses.

  • Once bitten is twice shy, but not so for today’s subject of Navigating Nigeria. In two separate instances, she lost money to investments that promised quick returns. As she shares her experience about losing her hard-earned money, she’s also learned a few lessons from it all, the most important of which is the need to be financially literate. 

    Editorial Note: Navigating Nigeria is a platform for Nigerians to passionately discuss the Nigerian experience with little interference from individual opinions. While our editorial standards emphasise the truth and endeavour to fact-check claims and allegations, we are not responsible for allegations made about other people based on half-truths.

    Walk us through your experience

    My experience goes back to 2020. I’ve never been one to fall for Ponzi schemes, so when MMM came out and all those other platforms promising to double your money, I never engaged. 

    The first investment I lost money to happened via one of my mum’s ex-students who contacted me. He told me his friend ran a business related to forex trading. He told me I’d get my return on investment (ROI), which was 25%, after 25 working days. It didn’t sound too bad, so I said OK.

    I put some money into it without telling anyone. After 25 days, I got my investment with interest. I told a friend about it, and he told me he wasn’t convinced and warned me to be careful. I then informed my partner at the time, and he was very upset with me. That didn’t deter me anyway, and I continued putting in money and collecting interest.

    You wouldn’t believe this, but this guy kept sending me a memorandum of understanding (MoU), making the whole thing appear legally binding. That made it look legit in my eyes. That was enough to convince my partner, who later came on board. His was even worse because he wasn’t collecting his ROI. He had this weird plan of gathering everything till it became bulky enough and then cashing out large.

    Chai

    What hurt me, however, was that I’d taken a massive chunk of money I’d been saving for my son for some time and put it into the forex investment. Looking back, these guys changed their names at some point. They also claimed they were into not just forex but real estate and other stuff.

    Everything appeared legit, and I told some friends to invest. Gawd. I convinced people to pool their money into this thing. I’m so glad that none of them got mad at me when everything disappeared. They knew that I didn’t intentionally set them up to lose money.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    How did the crash happen?

    December 2020 was the last time I cashed out. I wanted to travel to Jos and needed funds to get around, so I took some money out. 

    About a week after, my friends who had also invested and wanted to cash out started getting messages that there would be some delay and were panicking. I told them that couldn’t be as I’d cashed out money only a week before. 

    One of my friends I’d introduced to the investment kept calling, and I was initially reassuring her that she’d get her money as it was a minor glitch. I contacted my mum’s ex-student, who reassured me that things would be resolved. I’d later find out that he wasn’t even the owner of the business but a third-party trader. The real owner was one popular guy, and I learned they dragged him on Instagram after the whole thing crashed. 

    I still had over ₦500k in there, and I began to wish I’d taken every dime out. When January came, I had hopes that they’d resolve the issue. Then February followed. Then March. And then it dawned on me that my money was gone. It became very real to me there and then that my money wasn’t coming back.

    With this experience, you’d think I’d be wiser and not make such investments again, right? Wrong.

    Ah

    This time around, it was my best friend that wooed me into this agritech scheme, Titan Farms. She told me her mum, her sister, and even herself had invested so much money and reaped good returns. This one guaranteed returns after three months; it sounded reasonable. I don’t know what makes me put so much money into these things, but I did. 

    I withdrew my money from Piggyvest and funded the app. The reason I did this one was because I’d previously invested in Thrive Agric, which had an 18-month maturity period with 19% ROI. I didn’t like it because my money waited so long with little interest. 

    Anyway, I invested in them. Three months passed, and then I started receiving apologies that payment was coming late.

    Wahala

    They had a website. I tried to log in, but a prompt appeared saying that the website didn’t exist. They basically shut down, and I didn’t get my money back. Despite following up with them and sending multiple emails, nothing came out of it. They claimed to have paid investors, but it was all a lie—fraudulent people.

    I’m sorry this had to happen to you twice. What is your takeaway from it all?

    I’ve been twice bitten. If anybody comes to talk to me about investment, I’ll beat them up. However, I’ll admit that I wasn’t educated about how to invest money. Recently, I attended a finance seminar, and the person who spoke to us hammered on the point that before investing in anything, make sure you’re literate about finance. 

    When investing, I didn’t have complete information and wasn’t aware of the risk attached to the things I was putting my money in. So my biggest takeaway was being financially sound about investing. Even with legitimate businesses, there are risks involved. One has to know how much is too much so it doesn’t backfire horribly. I’ve not dabbled in any investments since then. For now, I’m focused on gaining more financial literacy. Maybe I can have another go when that is in place.

  • On July 7, multiple reports claimed that Osun state governor, Ademola Adeleke, nominated two of his family members to commissioner positions. The reposts claimed that Adeleke nominated his daughter, Adenike Adeleke, and his uncle, Moruf Adeleke.

    On Wait First, we sort claims into three categories. If it’s true, it gets a fresh banana rating from us. A false claim is burnt dodo, and a misleading claim is cold zobo.

    So, is this claim valid? Did Adeleke nominate his daughter and uncle as commissioners?

    [Ademola Adeleke / Daily Post]

    Background

    On July 7, the Osun State House of Assembly confirmed the list of 25 commissioner-nominees forwarded to the House for screening and confirmation by Governor Adeleke. 

    Among the names that made the list were Adenike Adeleke and Moruf Adeleke. The two share the same surname as the governor. Following the announcement, there were reactions on social media criticising the governor for presumably appointing his relatives into government. Some online news platforms also ran with this news.

    Our partners, FactCheckElections, noted that “social media users reacting to the claim viewed the purported appointment as a ‘double standard/nepotism’ and inappropriate in government.”

    Verification

    FactCheckElections looked into the claim. Here’s what they found:

    “The spokesperson to the state governor, Olawale Rasheed, has debunked the viral claim that his principal nominated his daughter and uncle for commissioner. 

    Contrary to the narratives making the rounds that two of the commissioner-nominees are Adeleke’s daughter and uncle, Rasheed told the media that the nominees are not the governor’s family. 

    They are ‘bonafide indigenes of Osogbo Land’, he said. 

    He added: Prof Adeleke was born in Ilesa and hails from Osogbo, the state capital. Mrs Adeleke is the daughter of Chief Omidiran of Osogbo Land and wife of the late Executive Governor of Osun State, Senator Isiaka Adeleke.”

    FactCheckElections reports that the governor is from the Adeleke family of Ede in Osun State.

    Verdict

    The claim that Governor Ademola Adeleke nominated his relatives to commissioner positions is misleading and, therefore, cold zobo.

    The confusion stems from the fact that they share the same surname. However, it has now been confirmed that they are not from the same bloodline as the governor. 

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • Each year, the United Nations celebrates July 11 as World Population Day. On November 15, 2022, the world crossed the eight billion mark. Global population trends have been fascinating to observe. It took hundreds of thousands of years to reach a billion and just 200 to hit seven billion in 2011. We’ve taken 12 years to reach this milestone between then and now. Some projections say that in just under 15 years—by 2037—the world population will hit nine billion, signifying a slowing growth rate in the global population due to factors like low and falling fertility levels.

    However, while population growth rates are declining in more developed countries, Africa is picking up the baton. 

    [Source: Washington Post]

    Studies show that Africa will be the only continent experiencing growth by the end of the century. Thirteen of the world’s twenty biggest urban centres will be in Africa. With Nigeria as the self-styled “giant of Africa” and the most populated black nation on earth, we’re set to take centre stage in the coming decades. 

    So it’s a bit of a shock—or a Nigerian thing, if you like—that till now, no one’s quite sure how many Nigerians there are. At some point, we’d need to reach a consensus on our census numbers.

    ALSO READ: How Much Does It Cost to Count Nigerians? A Lot

    Why is a census important?

    Census data is vital for getting details about demographic and housing statistics. As previously reported, it also helps the government know how best to allocate resources. Like how much each state should be getting from the FG. With Nigeria projected to experience a population surge, the government needs accurate numbers to plan for this. 

    What’s the delay?

    The UN puts Nigeria’s official population figure at 223.8 million. However, this figure is an estimate. In this case, the real culprit is the Nigerian government, which has failed to hold a long overdue census. Globally accepted standards say that a census should be held once every ten years. Nigeria is seven years past that deadline, having last held one in 2006. 

    The body in charge of conducting a census in Nigeria is the Nigerian Population Commission (NPC). Under the Buhari administration, at least ₦‎200 billion was spent on training census officials, mapping, and enumeration. The budget for the census has fluctuated over time, rising to ₦‎800 billion. The census, once set to happen in May, was kicked down the road to a date yet to be fixed by the current administration.

    On July 6, the NPC chair, Nasir Kwarra, said President Tinubu would “eventually” fix a new census date—a roundabout way of saying that no one knows when it will hold. He also expressed concerns that expenses will mount and money running into billions of naira will go to waste if the census exercise isn’t held as soon as possible.

    What else should you know?

    This year’s World Population Day theme is “Unleashing the power of gender equality: Uplifting the voices of women and girls to unlock our world’s infinite possibilities.” As the theme suggests, gender upliftment should be an integral goal for any forward-thinking nation. Nigeria still practices some repressive practices against women. These include child marriage, female genital mutilation (FGM) and breast ironing

    [Data in percentage on gender and harmful practices in Nigeria / UNFPA]

    As we mark World Population Day, the government needs to act decisively on two key issues. One is conducting a census. And two, taking on more responsibility in tackling these issues affecting Nigerian women. 

    To get more insight into how this event is observed around the world, visit this link.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • Last week, former Ogun state governor, Gbenga Daniels, made the news when he disclosed that he had written to his state government demanding that his allowances and pension as a former governor be suspended now that he’s a senator representing Ogun East district.

    We’re always happy to call out Nigerian politicians when they misbehave. We are equally happy to commend them when they do the right thing. In a letter Daniels shared on his Twitter page on July 6, he revealed that his monthly payment was ₦676,376.95k.

    What did the letter say?

    The letter, addressed to the Ogun state governor, Dapo Abiodun, read in part: 

    “I write to request for the suspension of my monthly pension/allowances of 676,376.95 (gross) (Six Hundred and Seventy-Six Thousand, Three Hundred Seventy-Six Naira, Ninety-Five Kobo) being paid as a former Executive Governor of Ogun State.

    The request is in compliance with my conscience, moral principle and ethical code against double emoluments that a serving Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria who hitherto was a former State Governor shall not be entitled to the payment of pension and allowances from such state.”

    What have the reactions been like?

    Online, the reactions have been met with some applause and criticism. Some people have lauded Daniels and asked that the former governor, now senator, should propose a 50% reduction in the National Assembly budget.

    Some say making an announcement was unnecessary, especially on social media. 

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    What can Nigerian politicians take away from this?

    We’ve written about how this government asks a lot from Nigerians without making sacrifices themselves. So for a high-ranking government official to take this step, even for show, is good optics. 

    That said, there have been reports in the news that President Tinubu’s ministerial cabinet would have at least 42 ministers and 20 special advisers. This points to a bloated cabinet, which is sure to put a drain on the government’s finances.

    Naturally, the current administration would argue that it is within the president’s right to appoint many ministers from across the federation, keeping with the federal character principle. Not many Nigerians agree.

    It may be a long shot to ask the president to trim down his cabinet. However, he can consider cutting his wages and asking his appointees to make that sacrifice. According to the Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission (RMAFC), ministers and cabinet members, such as the Secretary to the Government of the Federation, earn at least ₦650,136.65k every month. Ministers of state get ₦628,056.91k. However, this may not account for all of their allowances. 

    As a matter of urgency, the government should look to downsize. If others like Daniels are on double remuneration, it is unconscionable. Those politicians should toe the honourable path and have the extra emoluments terminated. The RMFAC should also be up and about plugging these leakages.

    Kudos to Daniels, who has done an arguably decent thing. Other Nigerian politicians should take a cue from him. As citizens, you can tweet at your elected leaders asking them to move a motion to cut out double remuneration for former governors now in the National Assembly or reduce total pensions for ex-Governors.

  • The last time the esteemed Nobel Laureate, Professor Wole Soyinka, made the news was in April when he almost came to blows with the Obidients, whom he accused of fascism. That didn’t sit well with them, and they fired heavy salvos in Prof’s direction. It would take a visit to Soyinka from their principal, the Labour Party’s Peter Obi, to diffuse the tension. But that hasn’t stopped them from giving Soyinka the bombastic side-eye.

    Almost three months later, Soyinka is in another fight. This time, not on social media, but in faraway Kwara and its emirate capital, Ilorin.

    So what’s the gist?

    Punch reported that a Muslim group, Majlisu Shabab li Ulamahu Society, based in Ilorin, went to the home of an Osun priestess, Yeye Ajesikemi Olokun Omolara Olatunji. They warned her not to host a festival known as Isese in the state. It was reported that she released posters announcing a three-day event in celebration of Yoruba deities.

    Ilorin is an emirate. It’s ruler is Alhaji Ibrahim Sulu Gambari. In reaction to the group’s activities, a spokesperson for the Emir said the Emir supported their actions. Although the spokesperson stated that Gambari did not send them, he added that the Emir made it public that no idolatry activities should be held in the Ilorin Emirate.

    His words: “The Emir has made it public that he’s not in support. He’s warned them to stay away from Kwara or Ilorin Emirate. So, any group that shares the same view and opinion with His Royal Highness can also come out and then do such, which the group you just mentioned now has done.”

    Essentially, the Emir thinks Yeye’s actions constitute idolatry. According to Gambari, that has never happened in Ilorin and would be heavily resisted should it be attempted.

    Somehow, the news got to Soyinka, which made him angry enough to write a strongly-worded op-ed directed at Gambari.

    How did Soyinka respond?

    [Prof Wole Soyinka / The Cable]

    Soyinka described Gambari’s actions as a “grievous insult to our race.” He said he teaches courses in another Emirate, Abu Dhabi, in the UAE. Soyinka said it allows festivals from different religions to occur without hindrance. He wondered why the opposite was the case back in Nigeria. He criticised Gambari’s stance for impeding the right to embrace our humanity, reflected in how we celebrate different worldviews. Soyinka called on the Emir to rein in the “agents of division” before closing with the following:

    “There is a thin line between Power and Piety. Call Yeye Ajasikemi OIokun Omolara to your side. Make peace with her and make restitution in whichever way you can for this grievous insult to our race. We know the history of Ilorin and the trajectory of your dynasty — but these are not the issues. The issue is peaceful cohabitation, respect for other worldviews, their celebrations, their values and humanity. The issue is the acceptance of the multiple facets of human enlightenment.

    The greatest avatars that the world has known were not without human frailties, flaws, and errors of understanding. You are NOT Omniscient. And you are not Omnipotent.”

    How has Emir Gambari reacted?

    [Emir Sulu Gambari / PM News]

    The Emir hasn’t taken things lightly. In a statement signed by his spokesman on July 7, he said Soyinka was being “economical with the facts”. The statement said Soyinka’s claim that Gambari disallowed festivals was “nauseating” and “uncharitable” to the Ilorin people.

    “To set records straight, Professor Wole Soyinka tends to be economical with facts, forgetting that nobody wants war. He decided to settle with a factor capable of causing societal chaos if not quickly averted.

    [The Emir’s action] is to prevent crisis and not wait until it erupts. The cost of managing crises cannot be equated to the wisdom or courage required to prevent them. Such proactiveness is necessary to sustain peaceful co-existence in society. It’s, therefore, surprising to hear that the position of Professor Soyinka is identical to someone who does not consider what might transpire if the programme was hosted.

    It may result in issues which could also lead to reprisal attacks by sympathisers or promoters of such belief (Isese festival) in other parts of the country.”

    The ball is back in Soyinka’s court. While he makes a case for freedom of expression and religion, the Emir’s claim that the people of Ilorin would uniformly resist any such traditional proceedings cannot be ignored either. We’ll see how this plays out in the coming days.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • In May 2023, Tinubu’s Policy Advisory Council developed an economic report detailing his growth plan for Nigeria. We wrote about it here. If you feel up for it, take this quiz to test your knowledge of Nigeria’s economy.


  • A viral video shared on different platforms, including Twitter and WhatsApp, claims that gunmen were shooting in a market in Ebonyi on July 4, 2023. In the clip’s background, a male voice says, “Destroy them, destroy them, sit at home. Nnamdi Kanu must be released.”

    On Wait First, we sort claims into three categories. If it’s true, it gets a fresh banana rating from us. A false claim is burnt dodo, and a misleading claim is cold zobo.

    So is this video true, or is it doctored?

    Background

    Nnamdi Kanu is the leader of the separatist group, the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). He has, however, been in the custody of the Department of State Services since his re-arrest in June 2021. He was initially captured in October 2015 but escaped. His current incarceration is happening despite a court order mandating his release

    According to fact-checkers at the Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD-West Africa), the IPOB first issued a sit-at-home order in August 2021. The order grinds all economic activity to a halt in the southeastern part of Nigeria. According to the IPOB, it will be held every Monday until Nnamdi Kanu is released. The order was revised to only occur on days when Kanu was due in court.

    CDD reports, “On June 14 2023, Finland-based Simon Ekpa, leader of Autopilot (a faction of IPOB), issued a statement which declared a five-day sit-at-home order in the southeastern part of Nigeria. Ekpa stated that the order would hold from 3 to 5 July and continue from 7 to 10 July.” 

    ALSO, READ: Who’s This Simon Ekpa Guy Running IPOB?

    Verification

    The CDD fact-checked the video. Here’s what they found:

    “The CDD War Room can confirm that the video emanated from Abakaliki, Ebonyi state. The video was not doctored, and investigations proved that it first surfaced online on July 4, 2023.

    Credible media agencies like Premium Times and Vanguard News have reported that the incident did occur at the Ishieke market in Ebonyi state. 

    However, it’s not certain whether the gunmen are members of IPOB or otherwise. 

    IPOB is yet to claim responsibility or deny the activities of the gunmen.”

    Verdict

    The claim that gunmen attacked and shot at a marketplace in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, on July 4, 2023, is true and, therefore, fresh banana. However, IPOB is yet to claim responsibility for it.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • Ada is determined to see justice served for the disappearance of her brother, Chijioke Iloanya. Chijioke’s case was part of what fueled the 2020 #EndSARS protest after he went missing in 2012. The notorious Awkuzu SARS in Anambra, where Chijoke lived with his family, is said to be responsible, and there’s a face and name for who to hold accountable. Now, Ada is staging a solo protest at the National Assembly in Abuja, demanding justice for her brother and other victims of police brutality. 

    The Nigeria Police Force’s vision is “To make Nigeria safer and more secure…to create a safe and secure environment for everyone living in Nigeria.”

    However, this vision has been nothing short of a nightmare for Ada and her family, who have been searching for elusive justice for the past 11 years. Ada narrated to Citizen everything that has led her up to this moment.

    Walk us through why you’re staging this protest

    My brother, Chijioke, was arrested by the Nigerian police on November 29, 2012. Then he was transferred to Awkuzu Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) in Anambra state before my mum could bail him out.

    When my parents tried to bail him out at Awkuzu SARS, they denied having him at first. My parents were about to leave the station when they saw my brother being led in, and my mum raised the alarm that he was the one they came to bail out. My parents were thrown out, and it would take several days before they were allowed into the station.

    When they eventually got access, they met James Nwafor, the officer in charge of the SARS unit. When my mum asked for my brother, he told her that if it was those boys (including my brother) she was looking for, he’d already killed them and that there was nothing she could do about it.

    My mum slumped when she heard it and was taken to the hospital. This started this journey for us, and we’ve been trying to get justice in different ways. In 2019, I wrote about it on Twitter. In 2020, I called out James Nwafor because I saw his handle on Twitter.

    I’ve written petitions to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). I’ve also written petitions to different Inspector Generals of the Police

    We went to the #EndSARS panel in 2020. The Anambra state government hasn’t made the panel’s recommendations and findings public. No whitepaper has been released either. Nothing has happened. James Nwafor is still a free man while we’re still in the pain of losing our brother and son. Other families have lost someone to James Nwafor, and others have been victims of police brutality. 

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    It’s tough what you and your family have had to go through

    I started this protest on July 3. It will go on for ten days, ending on July 13. The reason it’s happening now is because it’s going to three years since we wrote a petition and went to a panel for #EndSARS to demand justice over the death of my brother, Chijioke. 

    The panel made findings and recommendations, but we’ve not gotten that yet, up till now. I’m also doing this because I’m getting tired. I have a life outside of this. My life revolves around Chijioke, and I would like justice for him. It draws me back whenever someone sees me and asks if something has been done about my brother’s case. I have no good answer to that, and that has to change.

    July is also Chijioke’s birth month, which makes this symbolic. His birthday is July 13, which I’ve chosen as the day to end the protest. Because I’ve fought for justice for my brother, other people who have been victims of police brutality have reached out to me as a point of contact. They tell me about family members they’ve lost, and I feel so bad I can do nothing for them. The least I can do is use my voice to speak on their behalf. So while I’m advocating for Chijioke, I’m also trying to get justice for them because we deserve it.

    How’s it been so far?

    I’ve been pushing, although it’s been getting harder and harder. Yesterday’s protest was harder than Monday’s because the sun was scorching hot, and I had to stand for long hours without a place to sit. When I get tired, I sit at the barricades, which still places me under the sun’s searing heat.

    It rained in the morning today so I couldn’t start early. But I’m here now, protesting. I’ve noticed that people have been asking me to go to Ahmed Isah (Ordinary Ahmed of Brekete Family). But when I first tweeted about it, some people like Segalink tried to help, but nothing happened. So I’m conflicted. Do I reach out to him? Would it change anything or not? Also, it’s not just about me. What about other families? It’s a little convenient for me because I’m based in Abuja but what about them? Do they spend their money to come to Abuja to meet Ahmed when it’s easier to arrest James Nwafor immediately? 

    What would you like to see happen?

    Start the investigation and prosecution of James Nwafor immediately. Let each state release its #EndSARS panel reports, whitepapers and recommendations to the public. It makes no sense for ordinary citizens to seek justice through one man who is probably overwhelmed with so much. Why should I rely on a regular Nigerian to help me when we have institutions that aren’t doing their jobs? It’s unfair. I’ve been here since having people look at me with pity, and I don’t want that. I just want justice.

  • Welcome to the second half of the year, or H2, as people in the corporate world like to call it. Undoubtedly, the first half of the year had many highlights. Godwin Emefiele was Emperor in January as he undertook an ill-conceived naira redesign policy that affected many Nigerians. But by June, the Emperor found himself naked in the custody of the Department of State Services (DSS).

    Between February and March, the much-anticipated general elections happened, which produced an outcome that disappointed many young Nigerians after INEC failed to live up to its hype. And although we have a new president, the controversy surrounding his seat remains intense due to records of electoral irregularities during the election.

    As we enter the second half, we’ve decided to bring you things to look out for in July. So without wasting your time, here we go:

    No public holidays

    February and March were the only months in the year’s first half without public holidays. Between April and June, public holidays were springing up everywhere. April was on steroids as Christians and Muslims competed to see who knew how best to faaji. We received holiday alerts the same way the FG receives credit alerts from Abacha’s loot. But all that is about to come to a long pause. You’re not getting any holiday nkankan till September 27, almost three months away.

    Price hikes

    Let’s just be brutally honest here; times are tough. I was on a bus yesterday, and passengers complained about the transportation cost. The bus driver told us to enjoy the ₦‎300 fare he was charging for a 2km trip from Ikeja Under Bridge to Joel Osinnaike Street, Ikeja GRA, Lagos. “Tomorrow, it will increase to ₦‎400. As they’re doing their own, we too will be doing our own,” he said.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

    In a few days, the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS) will release its June report on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), or what we call inflation. In May, the inflation rate increased to 22.41%, its fifth successive bump. With the cost of living on the rise, the rise in inflation looks set to continue well into July. The World Bank has projected that inflation will hit 25% by the end of the year. We’re using this medium to beg President Tinubu to let the poor breathe.

    Tribunal cases set to continue

    Remember what we said earlier about how Tinubu’s presidential seat is highly controversial? That’s because the Presidential Election Petitions Tribunal (PEPT) is still ongoing. Peter Obi of the Labour Party (LP) and Atiku Abubakar of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) are challenging Tinubu’s claim to that seat based on the outcome of the fraught election. 

    They may also have a new morale booster, as the EU Election Observer Mission released its final report on the elections. The FG has been seething since the report came out. It has rejected it by calling the findings “a poorly-done desk job.” Below is an excerpt from the report’s executive summary:

    Likely announcement of the ministerial cabinet

    Mr “Hit the ground running” has made some sharp moves in his first month in office. Political analysts continue to speculate who gets a ministerial appointment. There is also an increased expectation that Tinubu will make his announcement soon. If all indications are right, expect a ministerial list in July.

    Nigerian women take the world stage

    It’s not all politics here, though. There’s one major sporting event to anticipate if you’re Nigerian. The Nigerian women’s national football team, fondly known as “The Super Falcons,” will participate in the FIFA World Cup in Australia and New Zealand. Nigerian women are the most successful African team, having won the domestic African Cup of Nations 11 out of 14 times. As the competition commences on July 20, you can take time to cheer them on and offer them support. We’ll be rooting for them on our end. Go Falcons!

  • For Navigating Nigeria this week, Citizen speaks with Chukwuemeka, a Nigerian pilot who shares his story about his journey to becoming a pilot. He speaks about his motivations and challenges in navigating Nigeria’s aviation industry. He believes pilots deserve better pay, and you don’t need to be Stephen Hawking to fly a plane.

    Editorial Note: Navigating Nigeria is a platform for Nigerians to passionately discuss the Nigerian experience with little interference from individual opinions. While our editorial standards emphasise the truth and endeavour to fact-check claims and allegations, we are not responsible for allegations made about other people based on half-truths.

    How long have you been a pilot?

    I finished flight school in 2015. So let’s see. That’s technically eight years.

    That’s a complete Buhari tenure

    Yeah, but then for three of those eight years after flight school, I wasn’t flying.

    What happened?

    I got sponsored to go to flight school by a company. The plan was that after flight school, I’d start flying with them. They had clients who were in the oil and gas sector. The company trained me to get a helicopter licence. Then oil prices dipped, and those clients weren’t producing as much oil anymore, so there was no reason to fly people offshore frequently. That meant they didn’t need as many pilots as before; it was a trickle-down effect.

    I was on the ground for those three years, working in other parts of the company, which I enjoyed. By the beginning of 2018, I decided to get an aeroplane licence to be flexible with employment and open up more job opportunities for me in the aviation industry. The whole thing took about three months because I already had my helicopter licence and needed to meet some other requirements. In aviation there’s this thing called a type rating which is what allows aspiring pilots to navigate and operate larger commercial planes. It’s the standard you need to meet before operating a type of aircraft. You can’t just jump from one aircraft to another. There are lots of other technicalities and rules depending on the country, but I won’t get into them. But this was when I resumed flying aircraft commercially.

    Interesting. Tell us, what were your motivations for becoming a pilot?

    As a child, I was always fascinated when I looked up to the sky and saw a plane flying. I’d always wonder how the pilots did that. Then, in junior secondary school, JSS 2, I read this passage in an English comprehension book. The beginning of that passage stuck in my head. It went, “Fasten your seatbelts and announce the air hostess, please.” I can’t explain what’s so special about it, but it made me desire to fly a plane. From then on, if anyone asked what I wanted to be, I’d say pilot. Sometimes I’d switch to aeronautic engineer, astronaut, astronomer, or even astrologer lmao. I wasn’t even sure what they did exactly. I just knew I wanted to fly.

    And fly, you did

    During the holidays, I went to live with an aunt in Abuja. I enrolled in a youth camp. For the part about careers, we had to list ten career choices. The first seven were related to aviation, while I filled out the rest with the usual medicine, law and the like.

    After school, one of my mum’s friends advised that I attend university first to have a backup in case my plans to be a pilot didn’t work out. I then pursued a closely related degree in aerospace engineering in Ghana. The first two years were tough. The engineering we did then was just so advanced. I knew there and then that being a pilot just had to work out because omo.

    Lmao

    Fortunately, some courses dealt directly with aviation, and I excelled there. But things were tough in the beginning.

    What was life like during the pandemic?

    Initially, there were no flights, but more flights happened when they introduced PCR testing. I flew helicopters during that period, so it affected me a bit. I worked in Port Harcourt, and oil companies weren’t flying often. But we still did some airlifting for a few companies. So I wasn’t grounded, but flights during that period were fewer.

    Let’s talk about how you navigate Nigeria. Have there been any peculiarities about flying in Nigeria that are different from flying elsewhere?

    So I’ve only flown in Nigeria and the US. Still, I’ll say the lack of basic infrastructure is glaring. You’ll see some things, and you’re like, “Nawa oo, why’s this not here?” or “Why are we managing this?”

    For example, runway lights. I did not know that runway lights could spoil. They’re perishable, and since they’re electrical, they could develop faults. But throughout my training, it never occurred that runway lights could go bad, and I’d have to navigate the plane without them. Nigeria exposed me to that reality. 

    And we’re talking not days but months or even years where runway lights go bad without being fixed. Everyone accepts that these things aren’t working, and we’re just carrying on like that.

    Wow

    In Lagos, we have two runways; 1-8 left, which serves domestic flights, and 1-8 right for international flights. Both can serve either flight, but they were sorted that way because of their proximity to their respective terminals. You couldn’t land in 1-8 left at night for a long time because there were no lights.

    So you’d have to land on 1-8 right then take a long taxi and then park near the domestic terminal for people to get off. Eventually, they fixed the lights. For the first week, things were working fine. The centre lights were fine, the headlights were fine, touchdown zone light was good. Next thing, half of the centre lights broke down, and the rest followed. Now nothing works. When you’re about to land, you have to start scanning for markings on the runway which are very faint because there’s no light.

    I can land without the lights, but what would it take to fix and maintain the existing ones? We have international carriers landing every day, coming from places like Charles de Gaulle and Heathrow, and they see the state of our airports, which is pitiable. Meanwhile, when we go there, we see everything is in good shape.

    We can’t go to some airports at night in Nigeria because they don’t have lights. We call them sunset airports because, after sunset, the lights go out.

    There have been reports of potholes on runways. Have you experienced those?

    Most of those have been fixed. Sometimes you see them when taxiing, and you must avoid them, but they fix them occasionally. So it’s not a permanent solution, but they fix them after a few weeks. I know I saw a notice about potholes in Enugu, but I have yet to experience one personally. I landed in Enugu yesterday and actively searched but didn’t find it, thankfully. Lagos and Abuja have frequent maintenance schedules where the runways are closed for resurfacing. The runway in Ilorin, though, whew. Sometimes you hear weird sounds and see cracks and grass growing on the runway.

    What changes would you like to see in Nigeria’s aviation industry?

    Generally, the Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) can do better with basic infrastructure. Sometimes you see some structures at airports, and you’re like, “Ok…but what purpose does this serve?” Some airports don’t have approaches, clear markings or adequate lighting. For example, there was a time I went to Port Harcourt. We were sitting on a ramp, waiting. All of a sudden, everywhere went dark. I was confused. They just took out the power, and we couldn’t see anything. 

    Pilots should get better pay. We think in dollars. A lot of training, travelling and so on are done in dollars, but we get paid in naira. And the naira isn’t even enough. Everything has finished by the time you convert to naira to meet your needs. When you compare what you earn by dollar conversion to your counterparts abroad, you’ll realise you’re not earning anything.

    Have you considered relocating?

    Oh yeah. That’s on my to-do list. I’m just trying to settle a few things first. Better pay and a better quality of life factor into my decision.

    What advice would you give anyone who wants to go into aviation?

    I get that a lot. People generally think you have to be Stephen Hawking to be a pilot. You have to be smart, but you don’t have to be Stephen Hawking smart to fly a plane. 

    One of my university lecturers, a flight engineer, said that you must be daft to be a pilot, lol. He’d say you’d be fine if you could read pictures.

    Loool

    But for real, you need to have the aptitude for it. You also need to work hard and want it. When I say “want it”, I mean it’s not just something you can skim through. It will show if you’re not putting in the work.

    I know brilliant people that couldn’t cut it as pilots. It wasn’t because they weren’t smart. They just didn’t get it. You know how some people can’t dance no matter how they try or can’t move to a beat? Being a pilot is sort of like that. You have to have the aptitude for it. You have to want it and work hard. That’s the motivational side of it.

    The other thing I’ll say is that flight training is expensive. Some can afford it, so no problem for them. But if you can’t afford it, you want to finish your training quickly. Because that would mean you’re paying less. Usually, flight school charges by the hour when you’re renting their aircraft. Your training is on you. You’re not giving that power to anyone, not even your instructor. 

    I mean, you have to be on top of it. You have to say, “This is what we’re doing today. I need to learn this before the next time.” That is, you’re putting in the work before putting in the work. That way, you’re not spending extra hours because extra hours mean extra flights, which means extra time. All that will add up because you’ll pay for accommodation, flights and fuel. I met some people in flight school still training after two years. Like, why?

    So put in the work before the instructor comes. Stuff you can do on the ground, do it on the ground. Don’t wait till you get in the air. Own your training so you’re not spending more money than you need to.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • If you’ve been following Nigeria’s financial news, you may have heard about another loan request that was recently approved. Understandably, given the country’s history with debt, this has generated some noise, so we decided to get into the gist of what it’s all about. 

    On June 22, 2023, the World Bank approved a new $500 million loan for the Nigerian government. The loan is for the Nigeria for Women Program Scale Up (NFWP-SU). According to Punch, this is the second loan the World Bank has approved under President Bola Tinubu’s administration. The loan initially got approval on June 27, 2018, with part financing to the tune of $100 million.

    [Nigeria for Women Project / World Bank]

    So what’s the loan for?

    The receiving agency for this loan is the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development. According to the World Bank, the NFWP-SU programme will help ensure better economic opportunities for women, address gender inequality, guarantee better education, health, and nutrition outcomes for families, and build women’s and communities’ resilience to climate change.

    This programme builds on the Nigeria for Women Project (NFWP). Based on the initial $100 million tranche the FG received in 2018, the World Bank says it shows promising signs, which have led it to approve this $500 million loan.

    According to the World Bank Country Director for Nigeria, Shubham Chaudhuri, “NFWP’s model is helping to improve women’s livelihood opportunities, enhancing their capacity to adapt to climate change, and participating in local administrations for policymaking related to community empowerment.”

    He added, “Closing the gender gap in key economic sectors could yield between $9.3 billion and $22.9 billion,” and that the World Bank is optimistic that this scale-up will help Nigeria move closer to bridging this gap.

    What else should you know?

    In a recent press release, the World Bank disclosed that the beneficiaries of this programme are economically disadvantaged and vulnerable women in “Women Affinity Groups” (WAG). It says that since 2018, it has been implemented in six states across Nigeria. The World Bank supports over 427,887 WAG members by forming and strengthening 20,506 of these groups. 

    In approximately two years, the World Bank says these WAGs have saved about ₦4‎ billion ($8.9 million equivalent). It disclosed that a significant percentage of these funds are utilised as loans at any given time. So far, 835,573 community members have benefited from the NFWP through various interventions.

    The loan was provided with support from the International Development Association (IDA). 

    However, a few things remain unclear, like the payback period and the loan terms. It’s also unclear who will head the new ministry to disburse the funds. So far, there isn’t a ministerial cabinet. Whoever that person is, all eyes will be on them.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • In Nigeria, the agency tasked with combating the use and sale of hard drugs is the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA). It recently intercepted loads of “Colos”, a psychotropic drug rapidly gaining popularity among young people. 

    The United Nations marks today, June 26, as the International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. The NDLEA is also on a national campaign to stop drug abuse, especially as it has become increasingly common to see videos of Nigerians, specifically young people, exhibiting erratic behaviour and losing control of their actions due to the influence of the drug known as Colorado.

    Colorado has swept across the country with a street lingo known as Colos. We’ve explored a worrying trend with cocaine trafficking. In this article, we’ll look at Colos and what science says about it.

    What is Colos?

    Colos is a drug that comes from a synthetic mixture. It contains heavy metals laced with chemicals, with weed as a mixture. Colos is unsafe for human consumption.  

    Colos has other names like “Black Mamba”, “Potpourri”, “Arizona”, “Lamba” (when mixed with “Loud”), and “Scooby Snax”.

    What are the health hazards of using Colos?

    Colos is ingested to mimic the effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) found in marijuana, which gives off the feeling of being high. However, it does more than that; it often sends users into a frenzy. The chemicals used in making Colos are banned substances smuggled into Nigeria. 

    Olabintan Odunola, a medical doctor and Team Lead at The Health City shared her insights on the drug:

    “Using drugs, including the widely acclaimed Colorado, has been made to look cool, and therefore many young people are attracted to using them, consequences be damned. Health risks involved in using synthetic cannabinoids like Colorado include feelings of lightheadedness, dizziness, confusion, and tiredness; feeling excited, agitated, and aggressive mood swings; anxiety and paranoia; suicidal thoughts; memory problems and amnesia; nausea and vomiting; hot flushes; increased heart rate and blood pressure, which may cause chest pains, damage your heart, and even cause a heart attack; excessive sweating fingers, toes, or muscles; feeling numb and tingly tremors; seizures; and even death. 

    Today, on International Day of Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, the onus is on us to continue educating young people that drug abuse always comes with a price and is not worth the hype.”

    On social media, there are several videos of Nigerian youths reacting violently after using the drug. In 2022, a special report by Punch revealed a drug user going berserk by uncontrollably slamming his head against a plank. In 2020, Guardian reported that a teenager died after smoking the drug. 

    The potency of the drug is well-known and has entered street slang. The phrase “On Colos” means a person acting under the influence of drugs.

    What else should you know?

    Nigerian laws frown upon illicit drug use. Beyond that, however, it’s clear that Colos contains chemicals that can have long-term damaging effects. The safest recourse is to avoid it and other related banned substances entirely.  

    This year’s World Drug Day theme is “People First: Stop Stigma and Discrimination, Strengthen Prevention.” If you or anyone you know is struggling with substance abuse, the NDLEA has provided an extensive list of NGOs focused on rehabilitation that you can contact. Avail yourself of this opportunity today, and let’s bring the Colos pandemic to a halt.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • Two stories about Nigeria caught my eye this week. They fascinate me because their disparity best captures the peculiarity of being Nigerian. Let’s start with the good stuff.

    In what has been viral news during the week, a Nigerian, Ifeoma Amuche, studying at a Chinese university, went on to finish as the school’s best-graduating student. As the valedictorian, she delivered a speech over four minutes long in fluent Chinese. If it isn’t apparent, that’s a pretty impressive feat.

    Another way to think of it is if a Chinese studied at a Nigerian university and finished as the best-graduating student—while learning in Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo or any of the hundreds of languages spoken in Nigeria. Ifeoma’s feat typifies Nigerian excellence, setting an incredibly high bar.

    And now, to the other story. People’s Gazette exclusively reported that two federal civil servants conducted a $76 million heist, the proceeds of which were kept in cold storage at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. The story’s lede reads like vivid imagination—the kind one only daydreams about when struck by severe hunger pangs. Here’s a screenshot below:

    The story has several interesting subplots, including the alleged involvement of the disgraced police officer, Abba Kyari, who was alleged to have received kickbacks. You can read the full gist at your own time.

    When the story broke, it triggered several reactions, like this one:

    Having read through the story, here are a few thoughts:

    Buhari’s anti-corruption crusade was a farce

    Muhammadu Buhari may be away from power for good, but his terrible legacy remains. He had the option of strengthening our institutions but chose to hinge his initial anti-corruption crusade around the force of his personality. The result? Public officers carted away millions of dollars from government coffers wantonly.

    Stealing huge sums is easy. Spending it is hard

    It’s one thing to hatch a plan to steal plenty of money. As the last administration showed, that happened a lot. But spending it without leaving a paper trail while still serving in government is very hard. White-collar criminals usually find their way around that by laundering money. We explained here why that’s bad.

    They might have gotten away with it

    The reason we know about the story goes like this, in summary. Some government workers allegedly stashed $76 million. A driver for one of them thought COVID-19 palliatives were locked up in storage and told his friends, who were scrap metal collectors. These guys came around hoping to get their share of Indomie—recall that this period was when government officials were hoarding palliatives. To their surprise, they broke in successfully and found that what they thought were packs of noodles were stacks of dollar notes. They managed to cart away $4 million, leaving $72 million behind, while the driver himself was unaware. As they say, there’s no honour among thieves.

    The government officials found out. They could have chosen to forgo the $4 million but decided to involve the police to recover it. Maybe they feared that they could return to cart more loot. Police managed to recover around $2 million, but long and short, a paper trail had emerged. Would their heist have remained a secret if they’d chosen to count their losses instead? We’d never know.

    Something has got to give

    If you recall that Nigeria suffered a severe dollar shortage, you’d understand why having $76 million in cash is mind-blowing. But an even bigger question is how these government officials got their hands on it in the first place. This represents the first major corruption case that the current administration has on its hands.

    How the investigation will proceed from here on is anyone’s guess. But it would also indicate whether this administration is serious about reforms or if things will remain business as usual. 

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • The use of social media has come with benefits and challenges. Combined with the explosive rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) over the last few years, it’s getting increasingly difficult to tell what is real from what is fake. The phrase “seeing is believing” is being tested now more than ever. The things we see and hear can now be digitally altered, thanks to technologies like Midjourney and Deep Fakes.

    For instance, there’s a YouTube channel dedicated to telling jokes using AI-generated voices and the visuals of former US presidents. For the uninitiated, it looks genuine. See this short clip, for example. 

    In another one, a photo of the Pope in a white hoodie took Twitter by storm. It was later found to be AI-generated.

    While it may seem harmless fun to some, fake images can have grave consequences. In May, a falsified photo of an explosion near the US Pentagon spooked financial markets and caused US stocks to drop in what some consider the first instance of an AI-generated image moving the market.

    In Nigeria, leading up to the elections, fake images of presidential candidates and their allies made the rounds. Many of these made their way to WhatsApp groups and stoked ethnic sentiments that influenced how people voted.

    For this week’s episode of Wait First, we look at ways to identify fake photos and how to protect yourself from sharing fake news.

    How to spot fake photos online

    Fact-checkers, Dubawa made a video identifying five ways to spot fake images. In summary:

    1. Check the source. Look for the source of the photo. If it’s from a reputable organisation or a known photographer, it’s more likely to be authentic.
    2. Look for inconsistencies. Check for photo inconsistencies, such as mismatched shadows, unnatural lighting, or distorted proportions. 
    3. Check the metadata. Most digital photos contain metadata that includes information such as the date, time, and location of the photo. Check this information to see if it matches the context of the photo.
    4. Use Reverse Image Search. Use a reverse image search engine like Google Images, Tineye, or Yandex to see if the photo has been used elsewhere on the internet. If it has been used in multiple contexts, it may be fake.
    5. Consult experts. Consult with forensic analysts, photojournalists, or digital forensic experts if you’re still unsure about the image’s authenticity.

    What else should you know?

    Besides the above points, Deutsche Welle (DW), the news agency, has also provided some tips to help shield you from falling victim to fake images.

    1. Zoom in and look carefully.
    2. Watch out for typical AI errors. AI-generated images tend to have one too many fingers. In the example of the Pope above, did you notice that his left fingers were unusually long and that there were only four of them? Also, look out for too many teeth or weird glass frames. The Random Face Generator is an AI tool that generates photos of people who don’t exist.
    3. Check for unusual smoothing. If the hair or skin looks exceptionally flawless, there’s a good chance it’s fake.
    4. Examine the background. Sometimes, the backgrounds of AI images tend to be blurred or have distorted objects.
    5. If you encounter an image on Twitter whose authenticity you’re unsure of, you can tag the handle @hoaxeye. It does reverse image searches and can check if an image is real or AI-generated.

    [Midjourney image of Will Smith. Note the blurry background]

    Despite these tips, technology is constantly advancing, and AI is adapting to overcome its flaws. Ultimately, the best bet is to remain sceptical and apply common sense. Don’t be too eager to share a photo if it’s not verified. When in doubt, leave it out.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • In January 2023, Nigerian comedian, Helen Paul, took to Google to ask, “Who is the owner of Nigeria?” Google’s response was to bring up Aliko Dangote, the billionaire businessman. Soon enough, it became a trending issue as other people confirmed the same result from the search engine.

    Although it’s considered a Google algorithm error, it has brought up random answers to queries it has no specific answers to, like claiming Jack Ma was the owner of China or Agbani Darego being Nigeria’s ugliest woman. 

    Google may not always be your friend, but we won’t disappoint you like that. That’s why we want to give a definitive answer to the question: Who owns Nigeria?

    Who owns Nigeria?

    No one person “owns” Nigeria, not even the President. Nigeria is a sovereign state whose ownership is vested in the Nigerian people. As we’ve explained in a separate article, Nigeria is both a federal republic and a democracy. By federal, we mean that Nigeria is a federation of states—36 in all (excluding the Federal Capital Territory). 

    By republic, we mean a system of government where people choose representatives through elections to represent them in the public interest. In this sense, it differs from military rule or a monarchy. But it does sound very similar to a democracy, which also elects leaders. Like Nigeria, most democracies are also republics. Examples include the US and France. 

    A slight difference is that democracy is the government of the majority, which allows the majority to impose its will on the minority. On the other hand, a republic allows everyone—whether the majority or the minority—to have inalienable rights. The Constitution protects these rights in Nigeria.

    Nigeria gained independence on October 1, 1960, but only became a republic on October 1, 1963. Since then, we’ve alternated between Republican and military rule. Nigeria is in its Fourth Republic, which began on May 29, 1999.

    What else should you know about Nigeria?

    Nigeria is an ethnically diverse country comprising over 250 ethnic groups. Its largest ethnic groups are the Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. We already wrote about other ethnic groups you should know about

    Nigeria is also unique in its composition, being perhaps the only country with a roughly even split of Christians and Muslims. 

    Nigeria is an oil-rich nation plagued with many issues like poor leadership, insecurity, economic mismanagement, and corruption. However, Nigeria has historically excelled in sports and the arts and is a prominent force in the African tech scene. Below are five interesting facts to know about Nigeria.

    Five fun facts about Nigeria

    1. Nigeria is the originator of the team sport Loofball, which combines features of handball and volleyball. It began in 2017.

    [Loofball / Wikipedia]

    1. Nigeria is home to Igbo-Ora, situated in Oyo state. With 158 twin births per thousand, it has been described as the Twin Capital of the World.

    [Nigerian Twins / Reuters]

    1. Nigeria’s Nollywood is the second-largest film industry in the world. Nigeria is also the home of Afrobeats, championed by stars like Wizkid, Burna Boy, Davido, and Tiwa Savage.

    [Davido, Wizkid, Tiwa, Burnaboy / Intel Region]

    1. Nigeria remains the only African country to have medalled in all categories in Olympic football, winning gold in Atlanta 1996, silver in Beijing 2008, and bronze in Rio 2016.

    [Nigeria’s male football team at the 2018 World Cup / Sportskeeda]

    1. Nigeria has one of the youngest populations in the world. About 50.4% of its population is under 18 years old. Its commercial capital, Lagos, is projected to become the world’s most populous city by 2100.

    [Lagos / The Washington Post]

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • It’s been three weeks since President Bola Tinubu assumed office, and Nigerians are getting a clearer picture of his economic plans for the country. 

    In May 2023, Tinubu’s Policy Advisory Council developed a report that wants to double Nigeria’s economy to become a trillion-dollar one by 2031. The 50-page report only became publicly available last week. We went through it to highlight some key findings.

    Senator Tokunbo Abiru chaired the economic sub-committee that drafted this report. The committee also comprised Yemi Cardoso, Samaila Zubairu, and Doris Anite. The audit and advisory firm KPMG contributed to this report.

    [Source: Policy Advisory Council Report, May 2023]

    What are the highlights of the report?

    The report identified five areas of focus that it wants to pursue to hit its big targets. 

    [Source: Policy Advisory Council Report, May 2023]

    On the fiscal side, the government says it wants to boost revenue, lower expenditure, and refinance debt. It has moved to lower expenditure by removing the fuel subsidy, shifting the burden from the government to the people. To generate revenue, this government will aggressively focus on deepening tax collection. It will also “rationalise select government assets.” (A finance term that means reorganising assets to make them more efficient to boost a company’s bottom line.) This can be achieved by either divesting the assets or selling them off.

    [Source: Policy Advisory Council Report, May 2023]

    The government is also looking to address oil theft. It wants to achieve this by expanding security contracts in the Niger Delta. Taken at face value, this might explain Asari Dokubo’s visit to the villa last week, which in all likelihood, wasn’t just a courtesy visit but at the invitation of the President. 

    The report also speaks on boosting Nigeria’s oil production and making Ministries, Departments & Agencies (MDA) more efficient by implementing the Oronsaye report to remove duplicity.

    The monetary policy goal is to keep the exchange rate within ₦‎550-600 to the dollar and to bring inflation and interest rates to 13% and nine per cent, respectively. Currently, inflation is at 22.41%, and the interest rate is at 18.5%. We explained here why that’s bad.

    [Source: Policy Advisory Council Report, May 2023]

    There are also suggestions to extend the deadline for turning in old notes to December 31, 2024. 

    Under industry and trade, plans are to boost the manufacturing sector’s output to $50 billion annually. The agenda includes training 100,000 artisans annually, subsidising interest rates for manufacturers, creating a five per cent tax incentive, leveraging on a ₦‎9 trillion pension fund and passing a foreclosure law to “deepen credit penetration.”

    The highlight for the capital market is to make data more accurate and eliminate multiple taxes that can put off investors.

    How feasible are these objectives?

    The report rehashes some worn-out promises we’ve heard from the previous administration, like lifting 100 million Nigerians out of poverty. It’s one thing that’s sweet to say but very hard to achieve. Buhari’s terrible economic record points to that, having thrown 133 million Nigerians into multidimensional poverty

    There are also doubts about how workable these plans are. First, consider the growth numbers. Let’s look at Buhari’s numbers:

    Tinubu is saying he’ll rebound the economy to grow at an average of seven per cent. Frankly speaking, pulling that off would be nothing short of a miracle. The plan to double our economy into a trillion-dollar one in eight years is just as incredible. It might be best to file that under wishful thinking.

    For one, mathematics doesn’t support it. In finance, there’s a rule of thumb known as the Rule of 72. It’s a shortcut to calculate the time it takes for anything to double, be it an investment, the GDP, or the population. All you need to do is divide 72 by the rate of return. 

    That means that even if seven per cent were to happen, GDP wouldn’t double for at least another eleven years. KPMG, which consulted on the report, seems to agree, which is why it said earlier in June that Tinubu’s plan to grow the economy at six per cent on average in his first four years isn’t feasible. They said the best-case scenario is hitting 4-4.5%. Factoring in the devaluation of the naira, this revised estimate means it may take Nigeria even longer to hit the trillion-dollar mark.

    The goal to create 50 million jobs is also questionable in light of Nigeria’s high unemployment rate. One observation about the government so far is that it asks for concessions from Nigerians without making any itself. Its palliative goals are, in its words, “non-cash”, like public transport vouchers, education, and healthcare support. But it’s silent on how it wants to do it, just as it’s silent on what the new minimum wage will be.

    The plan to outsource the security of pipelines to “contractors” signals that it’s business as usual. We wish the government good luck in this venture.

    The foreclosure law, which it plans to pass to deepen credit financing, needs clarity. This is vital. The government wants to encourage mortgaging as a means to access loans, following which, in the case of a default, the government seizes control of the property. 

    Final words

    So far, Tinubu has hit the ground running as promised. Yet, in the face of growing pains coming from the subsidy removal and the high cost of living, the patience of Nigerians may quickly grow thin.

    As political commentator Feyi Fawehinmi puts it in the Financial Times, “Tinubu’s early moves have all been plucking low-hanging fruits. But you still have to credit him for bothering to pluck them.

    “The bar is incredibly low. Buhari did not bother to pluck any fruits, low hanging or not. Tinubu will eventually run out of easy wins; the test starts then.”

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • There’s a common saying that “tough times don’t last.” Nigerians from all walks of life will hope this saying manifests quickly, and why wouldn’t they? The new administration, led by President Tinubu, heralded its dispensation by removing the fuel subsidy

    The effect has been a marked increase in fuel costs, which has had ripple effects on the cost of living. On Thursday, June 15, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) announced that inflation in May rose to 22.41%. The subsidy removal and the subsequent announcement of a unified exchange rate have led experts to suggest that inflation will rise even higher in June.

    To gauge the current adaptation of Nigerians to the prevailing circumstances,  Citizen interviewed some of them for this week’s episode of Navigating Nigeria. Here are their thoughts: 

    Ola, Analyst at a VC firm

    I’m a naturally frugal person who works on a budget. Because I follow the news, I saw the fuel subsidy removal coming, and I understood its implications. I got a solar inverter in May, which powers electronics like my TV, refrigerator, and laptop. I charge the inverter with PHCN’s power supply and switch to it when the power goes off. I did this because I didn’t want to find myself in a situation where I’d have to queue to get fuel for my generator. I’m also a remote worker who has to be online almost 24/7. 

    Getting a solar inverter has been one of the best cost-saving measures I’ve done this year. I don’t have a car, so I don’t have to worry about getting fuel for that because I rarely ever go out except for groceries. Speaking of that, I do my shopping in bulk, so there’s no need to visit the mall frequently. My data subscription plan is also in bulk; I pay a yearly data subscription of ₦100k on MTN that gives me one terabyte covering my internet needs.

    I don’t eat out either; I make my meals. This one isn’t because of the subsidy removal. I’ve always been like that. It saves cost.

    Another way I’ve adapted is to reduce my propensity to order stuff from online vendors. The other day I wanted to get stuff from Instagram, and the vendor told me it cost ₦‎2800, which was fine. Then I asked for the delivery cost, and she told me it was ₦2200. She told me the high delivery cost was because of the subsidy. I backed out because it made no sense to me. So yeah, these are the measures I’ve taken to readjust to life after the government removed the subsidy.

    Itome, Business Analyst

    For me, there are some essentials I can’t do without. Data is one of them, and that’s a non-negotiable, and I always make provision for that

    Because my cost of living has increased, I go out only when necessary. I only use Bolt for significant outings. I take public transport most of the time.

    To manage fuel, I turn on my generator when I need to charge my laptop and turn it off once my gadgets are fully charged. That’s how I’ve been managing.

    Juliet, Banker

    Cooking your food saves a lot. It’s much cheaper to cook at home and take your food to work than to buy food regularly. Imagine if my hubby and I buy food at work every day, plus our children. It would be very expensive. I also buy non-perishable food items in bulk.

    Ilamosi, Sales Manager

    Going out is the only thing I’ve cut down on. I barely go out now. Before the fuel subsidy removal, I’d be outside and come to work frequently. But now, with the hike in cab prices, it’s hard to leave my house. I’m now an introvert.

    The cost of living has turned me into a home buddy. I’ve even reduced the way I order food. Usually, you’d find me on Chowdeck. Now? I cook. Dem no dey tell person twice.

    Eloho, General Contractor

    Regarding data, I use Fibre One wifi. It’s still cheap at the moment. For food, I made some bulk purchases before the inflation kicked in. I’ve not made any significant purchases afterwards.

    Transportation is one area I’ve felt the pinch. Prices just dey surprise me every time. I use buses more than before to cope and only use Uber when necessary. I’m no longer shy of asking for Uber fare if my stepping out is doing someone a favour. I calculate in advance to reduce unnecessary trips

    Regarding electricity, yesterday was the longest we ever ran my generator, which was babe-motivated. (Not my babe o, my brother’s babe). So far, our devices are charged, and we don’t run the generator like before. Before now, we’d put on the generator at the slightest inconvenience of heat. I go to places with better electricity to work instead of burning fuel.  

    Generally, I now think more business-wise, figuring out how every relationship can become financially beneficial to everyone. I make myself more available and render help to anyone

    On a personal note, knowing the principle of giving makes giving more conscious. I budget a little daily, as much as possible, and look for the needy. It’s not just because of love but as part of my financial strategy because by giving, you receive more (not from the person you gave to, lol).

    Shola, Oil and Gas Worker

    I didn’t care about the fuel price until the subsidy removal. Now, I don’t buy full-tank like before. I only buy enough for the week. It cost about ₦32k to fill my car’s tank. So, these days, I just buy half, roughly ₦15k. 

    I don’t do long-distance drives, only making exceptions like going to my friend’s wedding or linking up with my babe. I had a chef that came in once a week but stopped her for a while. But eating out is biting, so I had to bring her back again at a higher rate. I’m now in between a rock and a hard place. I increased my housekeeper’s pay and slightly increased transfer payments to dependents.

    My last movie dates were on the mainland, compared to my usual Ebony and IMAX at Lekki on the island. It’s cheaper, but my babe isn’t feeling this mainland level. It’s still the same film they’ll show us on the island or on the mainland.

    Niyi, Corporate Trainer

    I’ve stopped going anywhere. Fuel to fill my car’s tank is now about ₦37,000, up from ₦14,000. So I only go out when I absolutely have to go out. 

    I’m also investing in more solar generation. The inverter I own relies on fuel and electricity to charge the batteries. More investment has gone towards increasing the number of solar panels to avoid relying on generators. It’s become unsustainable to use generators.

    I also had to bring forward some purchases before the prices inevitably go up. 

    Essentially, I’ve done a lot to reduce reliance on fuel because it’s become too expensive to maintain the lifestyle I was living in, pre-subsidy removal.

    William, Lawyer

    I’ve been in Abuja for the last few months, and it’s considerably different from living in Lagos. In Lagos, you at least have alternate transport like bikes. Here, outings are either via Bolt or a cab. Their cabs are arranged in a way that five people can sit in them. There are no bikes or buses here.

    For the cabs, the price of transport has doubled. What cost about ₦1000 before now goes for ₦1800. I now go to court less than before. I also cut costs by moving in groups so that my colleagues and I can split the bill.

    Personally, food prices haven’t increased. I still buy things at relatively the same price as before the subsidy removal. In Abuja, we don’t worry much about electricity. I think ours is way better than Lagos’s. On average, we get around 18 hours of consecutive power supply daily. On some days, it could be as high as 23 hours. That means you don’t have to worry much about fuel for your generator. You also don’t need to worry about wasting electricity to pump water, as ours is pipe-borne. The government supplies water, which is fascinating and different from Lagos, where everyone drills boreholes to get water. Abuja is giving American vibes.

    Prices of other things may still go up over time, but for now, transport is the only area where I’m feeling the pinch.

    Download the Citizen Election Report: Navigating Nigeria’s Political Journey

  • On June 14, 2023, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) issued a press release announcing new operational changes to the foreign exchange (forex) market. These changes, in summary, mean the CBN wants a unified exchange rate policy. 

    Most of the press release is filled with jargon that might be difficult to understand. We went through it to explain the parts that matter to you. We’ve also looked at the winners and losers of this new policy.

    What are the highlights of this new policy?

    The CBN is abolishing segmentation. As financial commentator Shuyi Olutimi explains, we operated in multiple market segments, including the interbank market, where commercial banks trade forex. The CBN, being the regulator of the banks, fixed the price daily. 

    There’s also the Bureau De Change (BDC) which comprises institutions recognised by the CBN to trade currency. These guys typically profit by selling on the parallel market, commonly known as the black market. Then we have the Investors & Exporters (I&E) window, a market established by the CBN in 2017 that allows more liquidity (cash) in the forex market to settle more significant transactions quickly.

    The CBN is collapsing all these markets into the I&E window under a model called “willing buyer, willing seller.” This means the CBN no longer sets an official rate—everyone trades freely on an open market. Business Travel Allowance or Personal Travel Allowance (BTA/PTA) applicants will no longer get special subsidies on the dollar, the same as foreign students. Oil marketers will also have to get their FX via this window.

    One significant implication is that arbitrage—taking advantage of price differences in currencies to make fast money—will no longer be attractive. Financial institutions are not allowed to have a spread, or profit, of more than ₦‎1 in this market. 

    At the I&E window, the naira ended at ₦664.04 per dollar yesterday, according to the FMDQ Securities Exchange. This marks a significant 29% depreciation compared to Tuesday’s rate of ₦471.67 per dollar.

    Who are the losers?

    Not everyone is excited by this news. Beyond some mentioned earlier, here are a few people who would feel the pinch.

    Aliko Dangote

    Africa’s and Nigeria’s richest man, Aliko Dangote, is by far the runaway loser here. The announcement of the exchange rate unification caused the naira to lose value and Dangote’s wealth to tank considerably. Nairametric reports that the billionaire’s wealth fell by $3.12 billion to $17.8 billion in one day. You see? The rich also cry.

    The FG and, ultimately, you

    Remember how we all wailed that Buhari and his cohorts threw Nigeria into debt? Well, that debt just got even bigger. Before the reunification, the public debt stood at around ₦73 trillion. The CBN’s announcement and subsequent naira devaluation have shot the debt up to ₦82 trillion. And you know what happens when debt goes up? The government passes the cost down to you in various ways, including, you know, taxes. 

    Fuel price and you, again

    Don’t kill the messenger; I’m just doing my job. According to Taiwo Oyedele, the Fiscal Policy Partner and Africa Tax Leader at PwC, the unification would lead to a “possible impact on the pump price of petrol which could inch closer to the current pump price of diesel.” I know you think petrol is expensive, but have you seen the diesel price? Hmm.

    Who are the winners?

    The CBN’s announcement is excellent news for some people. Let’s run through a few of them.

    Foreign investors

    Following the campaign mantra of President Tinubu, foreign investors will have renewed hope in Nigeria. Knowing there’s a uniform exchange rate means investors don’t have to worry about repatriating their funds at a loss due to the disparity in exchange rates. Credit rating agencies may review our ratings positively. Foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria’s capital market will also rise.

    The FG

    Financial experts project that revenues to the federal government from government-owned enterprises will shoot up significantly with this news, rising by as high as 39%.

    You—in the long run

    The most crucial signal this policy sends out is stability. The average Nigerian will bear hardship in the short term, but in the long term, the Nigerian economy should become robust. That is, provided the FG follows through with implementing secondary policies that ease the burden passed on to ordinary Nigerians, such as unbanning the list of items prohibited for FX and an upward review of the minimum wage.

    What else should you know?

    The CBN set up the Naira4Dollar scheme in 2021. It was an incentive that gave ₦5 for every dollar you received to increase dollar inflow into the Nigerian economy. The CBN now says the “Father Xmas” promo will end on June 30. Do with that information whatever you will.

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  • On June 2, 2023, President Bola Tinubu appointed Femi Gbajabiamila, the 9th House of Representatives (HOR) Speaker, as his Chief of Staff (COS). 

    A more pertinent issue to ponder is: having been reelected to the HOR by his Surulere constituents, what happens to his seat now that he’s taken up the COS role? And what are his new responsibilities?

    Promotion or Demotion?

    Gbajabiamila’s foray into Nigerian politics follows a similar pattern to that of other establishment politicians. Despite having a legal background, the lawmaker’s history of fraud is well known; a US court indicted him for fraud in February 2007. He has served in the HOR for 20 years and rose to his highest position when he contested for Speaker in 2019 and won. Gbajabiamila notably sponsored the Student Loan Act, which Tinubu recently signed into law. He ran again for office in the 2023 general elections and won a sixth term in the green chambers by polling 19,717 votes.

    However, the 9th assembly dissolved on June 11. With his appointment as COS, opinions differ on whether it signifies a promotion to the President’s trusted confidante or a step down from being the fifth-ranking official in Nigeria. Regardless, zoning requirements for reconstituting the 10th assembly meant it was always unlikely he’d remain the speaker.

    So what happens to Gbajabiamila’s seat?

    [Femi Gbajabiamila / Punch]

    Gbajabiamila can serve as both the speaker and the COS to the president without legal hindrance until he leaves his current position. However, it’s worth noting that the office of COS is not officially part of any constitutional body. Still, potential conflicts of interest could emerge. 

    Gbajabiamila will ultimately resign his position in the HOR. This would make his seat as Surulere 1 constituency representative vacant, which the yet-to-be-elected Speaker of the HOR will announce. Once that happens, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) will organise a bye-election for his constituency. The All Progressives Congress (APC), to which Gbajabiamila belongs, would have to nominate another candidate. It also means the candidates from opposition parties who initially lost out can reclaim the seat.

    What does the Chief of Staff do?

    Former President Olusegun Obasanjo created the COS position in 1999. It’s a high-ranking office whose occupant is selected at the discretion of the President. 

    The Chief of Staff is the President’s buddy (sorry, Mr VP), overseeing the executive office and coordinating important programmes and agencies. The COS is the primary liaison between the President and key officials, including the Federal Executive Council. The COS manages the flow of information to the President and acts as an adviser. Additionally, they ensure seamless operations for the President’s engagements, including the presidential fleet. 

    The COS has to be a highly skilled technocrat able to open their ears to happenings within the villa and without. They must also learn to be tough but diplomatic around the clock while looking out for political sharks. As the late political critic Obadiah Mailafia describes it, it’s not a job for the fainthearted.

    Gbajabiamila will be the 7th COS in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Time will tell how well he can transition into his new role. While congratulations are in order for him, he, more than anyone else, knows he has to hit the ground running.

  • Victor is a Nigerian police inspector who’s been in the force for 16 years. For this week’s Navigating Nigeria, he spoke to Citizen about his reasons for joining the police, why he thinks the Nigerian people get the police they deserve, and other policing matters ranging from Seun Kuti to the Police Pension Bill. 

    Editorial Note: Navigating Nigeria is a platform for Nigerians to passionately discuss the Nigerian experience with little interference from individual opinions. While our editorial standards emphasise the truth and endeavour to fact-check claims and allegations, we are not responsible for allegations made about other people based on half-truths.

    What were your motivations for joining the Nigerian police?

    I didn’t sit down and decide to join the police. It wasn’t out of free will. I joined out of anxiety for myself and my siblings. It’s needful to add that my father was a police officer. He was retiring from the force, so I had to take up the job to cater for myself because it’d have been difficult for him to provide for my younger siblings and me as a retiree.

    I lived a quiet and principled life, thanks to my parents’ upbringing. This has helped me to stay sane in the force.

    The truth is that many conditions have pressured some of us into doing not-so-nice things that aren’t worth mentioning. Ultimately, policemen aren’t drafted from space or a foreign country. We’re all a product of Nigerian society, for better or worse. 

    Care to shed light on this?

    The police aren’t the most corrupt institution there is in Nigeria. We’re just closer to the people than other institutions, reinforcing the perception that we’re the worst, and I’d like to clarify this.

    If you’re crude to them, don’t take care of them or see to their basic remuneration needs, or if working conditions are not good, they’ll do whatever they can to make things conducive for themselves. The risk involved in policing is high, and we’re endangering ourselves daily without adequate insurance. You meet all of these needs, and you’ll get a civil police. If you don’t, you’ll have a disgruntled and unsatisfied police force that can’t attract the best minds. 

    I hope Nigerians’ defensive nature can be worked on as we assert our authority when we feel undermined. Things could improve if Nigerians don’t always see us as the enemy. 

    Addressing these issues will attract people with principles to the force and help sanitise it. 

    What has your experience with the police force been like so far?

    I’m a police inspector and have been in the police force for 16 years. A police officer is a member of society vested with the authority to keep society sane by a set of prescribed rules and regulations put in place by society. A police officer makes sure no one contravenes these laws. If these laws are contravened, the erring person faces the consequences.

    Society has to consent to your authority as a police officer before you can police them. Other than that, it’s sheer slavery. 

    That said, my experience hasn’t been so bad. Besides the impediments I raised earlier, I’ve consistently tried to improve myself. I see some of the pitfalls police officers face when policing the community and learn from them not to replicate them in my life. I want to leave lasting impressions in the minds of the people I meet daily. I’m courteous with people, keeping an open mind, and empathetic in my interactions. This has made me stand out, and overall, the testimonies I’ve received make the experience worthwhile.

    This would be a good time to hear your thoughts on the Seun Kuti matter

    I think Seun’s reaction was malicious and premeditated. It was a calculated attempt at humiliating the entire Nigeria Police Force. He went on Instagram (IG) to brag that he isn’t like other celebrities who would come on IG to explain being slapped or confronted by the police. He even asked if we knew how many police he’d slapped in the past without consequence. 

    Overall, the police handled the situation well, as due process was followed after he turned himself in, and eventually, he was bailed. He would have been sorry he slapped an officer in uniform in other, more advanced countries. Somebody got 70 years imprisonment for spitting on a police officer in the USA

    In conclusion, men of the junior ranks, like the policeman involved with Seun, should exercise more restraint, and civilians should loosen up a little more and show some respect for our police force. It’s the only way the experiences between the two can get better.

    Final words on the new Police Pension Bill approved by the Senate

    The passage of the Bill for the Nigeria Police Pension Board is a very laudable and long due. I’m hopeful for the gracious endorsement of the President, and that implementation will be expedited.

    I like this development because, consequently, police officers, upon retirement, can access a chunk of, if not all, of their retirement benefit and not the meagre amounts handed to them, which is almost inadequate to do anything meaningful with. 

    As with the other sister agencies, like the DSS and the military, which were since exempted from the contributory pension scheme, retired police officers would be able to maintain a decent livelihood and also cater for their essential needs, especially their health, as their take-home would remain their basic salaries while they were still serving. 

    That said, I’d like the government to look at upscaling the remuneration of police officers. As it stands, the risk involved in policing far outweighs the monetary compensation. I’m not implying that there’s a momentary equivalent of staking one’s life daily but as a moral booster. The Nigeria Police has one of the poorest remunerations compared to other African Countries. 

    There are also other welfare-related matters, such as comprehensive insurance packages for every police officer. The present Inspector General of Police hinted at it, but I’m not sure of the state of the proposal at this time. Housing is another crucial necessity. Most police officers live outside the barracks, largely in shabby and dilapidated states. The aforementioned facilities are the basic requirements that are supposed to be in place for a functional and confident police force and officers, as it were. Again, I’d say that every society gets the police force it deserves. If you compromise their welfare and working conditions, you’ll have a dissatisfied police force.

  • The former governor of Kaduna state, Nasir El-Rufai, is in the news. Social media users have been critiquing his comments during the week regarding his state’s governorship election. Uba Sani of the All Progressives Congress (APC) was declared the winner by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in a tightly fought election. El-Rufai spoke about his party leveraging Islamic religious sentiments to give Sani victory at the polls.

    [Nasir El-Rufai / Vanguard]

    The comments have sparked reactions online and offline, with the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) asking Nigerians to ignore El-Rufai.

    El-Rufai was addressing Muslim clerics in Kaduna at an event where he was handing over to Sani. The speech, which was in Hausa, has been transcribed by Premium Times. Here’s the transcript below: 

    Transcript

    “Why did I pick Dr Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe as my deputy in 2019? First, I calculated that most of those, not Muslims, don’t vote for our party. Most of them. So, why should I give them the deputy (governor) position? I did my calculation, and I knew we could win the election without giving them (the position of deputy governor). That’s first. That’s a purely political issue. It’s politics. You want to win an election and seek people to vote for you. We have observed that since we started practising democracy, we know places we used to win elections and those places we don’t. We’ve done that calculation politically. That’s the political point of it.

    Secondly, what we wanted to prove to people, and thank God in the last four years, we’ve vindicated ourselves and proved that a government that has a Muslim as governor, a Muslim as deputy governor, a Muslim as SSG (secretary of state government), a Muslim as chief of staff, a Muslim as finance commissioner, we’ll not cheat Christians in Kaduna State. And everywhere we go, we tell them, Yes, that’s it; the top government hierarchy in Kaduna State are Muslims, but can any Christian in Kaduna prove that we’ve oppressed them? Is there any district that we didn’t renovate schools? Is there any district we didn’t construct a hospital? Anywhere that we didn’t build roads? Is there anywhere we didn’t help farmers, whether they voted for us? We’ve given everyone their entitlements.

    Of course, Kubau (Local Government Area) voted for us the most (in Northern Kaduna), so I’ll add something to Kubau because they voted for us. What I’ll give Jaba, I’ll increase it for Kubau because Jaba didn’t vote for us. But we’ve given them their entitlements.

    You, Imams and Ulamas, taught us that leadership in Islam is all about justice. The Prophet (peace be upon him) and his companions lived with those that were not Muslims, including Jews, Christians and even pagans, but they addressed him as El-Amin (trusted one) because he treated them with fairness. Caliphs like Abubakar, Umar, Usman, and Ali did justice to those who were not Muslims. Nobody can say he was oppressed for not being a Muslim. But you’ll prefer the ones who support you. But don’t oppress any.

    I always tell them. During this campaign season, they said “this and that,” and I replied ‘Yes, we’re looking for those who can deliver. We’re not looking at your religion. Of course, we consider the religious aspect, but I can’t say that. But what I am saying is, who is being oppressed? Open up and tell us if this government has treated you unjustly. No answer. Well, no one can say he is used to being engaged in criminal activities, used to being idle, but we stopped that. Or you were used to blocking the road, and we said if you do it again, this will be the consequences, and you know we can do it.

    That’s what we’ve done for four years, myself and my team. And that’s what we still did, and Senator Uba Sani and Dr Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe still won their election (as governor and deputy) even with the religious gang up against us. You, the Imams and Ulamas here, were the ones who did the work, not even the politicians, because the politicians even betrayed us. And he, Senator Uba Sani, knows this. We know it. We’re aware of those who collected money on election day but switched off their phones, slept off and didn’t even bother to come out for the election. But we know the First Aid group members that served as polling agents. 

    Those we paid to protect the votes didn’t do so, but the first aid group members did. And we’re grateful for that, and may God reward you and how you dedicated yourself and supported us. In the name of God, I beg you to support Senator Uba Sani when he finishes his first four years. Re-elect him into office. Then we can continue to prove to people that Islamic leadership doesn’t discriminate but doesn’t condone deliberate mocking. It doesn’t condone indignity. That’s the only thing we want to prove, and we’ve started, but this is not the end; we’ll have to do it for at least twenty years, which will make everyone understand.

    After Uba finishes his tenure and gets re-elected, that’ll be sixteen, right? (El Rufai served two terms of eight years as governor). Then we’ll have another tenure which will make it 24 years. That is when everyone will understand and say, ‘Okay, we understand, we know our status, and we know the Muslims will not oppress us.’ That’s it. And you’ll see that there will be peace. I swear to God, this has been our plan from the first day we started APC in the state, and God has been helping us with your prayers and commitment. We’re on the right path. May God bless you all.”

  • Today, June 7, President Bola Tinubu officially swore in George Akume as the new Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF). The Benue-born senator was initially announced to take on the role on June 2 alongside Femi Gbajabiamila, who’ll be Tinubu’s Chief of Staff. Akume’s fame among many young Nigerians is still in training, so who is George Akume, and what do we know about his new role?

    [Akume (L) Tinubu (M) and Gbajamiamila(R) / The Cable]

    Who is George Akume?

    Akume was born on December 27, 1953. He hails from the Wannune Tarka Council Area of Benue state. Akume was a former governor of the state from May 1999 to May 2007—the same time as Tinubu, who was then governor of Lagos state. He ran under the flag of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP). After office, he served as the Benue North-West Senatorial District senator from 2007 to 2019. In 2011, he defected to the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), which was the brainchild of Tinubu. He served as the minority leader of the Senate between 2011 and 2015.

    Akume ran again under the now-merged All Progressives Congress (APC) in 2015 and won. He ran again in 2019 but lost his seat to the PDP. Former President Muhammadu Buhari appointed him Minister of Special Duties and Inter-governmental Affairs that year. Having bid his time and supported Tinubu’s candidature, Akume has now been rewarded with the position of SGF.

    What does the SGF do?

    Under the Tinubu administration, Akume takes over a position that Boss Mustapha previously held while working with our former president, Buhari. The SGF’s mandate is to:

    • Monitor and coordinate the implementation of government policies and programmes.
    • Serve as the frontline advisory institution of the Presidency.
    • Drive policy formulation, harmonisation, and implementation.
    • Monitor institutions of governance.

    The office of the SGF has various functions. They include:

    • Handling constitutional, political, and economic issues referred to it.
    • Providing support services to Administrative Tribunals, Commissions, and Panels of Inquiry.
    • Coordinating national security and public safety matters.
    • Protocol
    • Dealing with matters concerning the conditions of service of political office holders.
    • Processing appointments to the leadership positions of statutory bodies, commissions, and agencies. 
    • Overseeing National Honours Awards.
    • Handling petitions and appeals addressed to the president.
    • Processing requests for approval of duty tours and medical treatment abroad.
    • Liaising with Secretaries to State Governments.
    • Providing office accommodation and support services to political office holders.

    Are there any controversies surrounding Akume?

    Akume has his fair share of political controversies. They go all the way back to his time as governor when he was accused of corruption. In 2013, Akume was embroiled in a certificate forgery suit brought against him by an indigene of Benue state. At the time, he was the Senate Minority Leader. However, the West African Examination Council (WAEC) and his alumni, the University of Ibadan, cleared him of any forgery allegations.

    In October 2021, the Benue state government petitioned the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) to investigate Akume over allegations of fraud to the tune of ₦‎4.56 billion.

    How have reactions to his appointment been?

    Akume’s appointment has elicited mixed reactions from political analysts. On the one hand, some describe his appointment as a “round peg in a round hole.” On the other hand, critics say Tinubu’s appointment of Akume means it will be “business as usual.”

    With his history as a political journeyman, what Akume brings to this new role remains to be seen. For his sake and Nigeria’s, we hope he performs well.

  • The Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC) has announced that following the removal of the fuel subsidy, it will embark on a nationwide strike on Wednesday, June 7. 

    [NNPC filling station / Premium Times]

    Despite the general acceptance that the subsidy had to go—particularly from the leading presidential candidates, including the Labour Party (and, by extension, the labour union), the NLC insists on a strike. So what’s happening, and what’s the way forward?

    The labour unions’ position 

    On June 4, the NLC and the Trade Union Congress (TUC) shunned a meeting with the government delegate chosen to address the subsidy matter. The meeting had in attendance the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Godwin Emefiele, the Managing Director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Mele Kyari, Dele Alake, and Adams Oshiomole, among others. The TUC said they boycotted the meeting because the representatives had no official authority to negotiate on the government’s behalf.

    [NLC / Premium Times]

    From the viewpoint of the labour unions, the government doesn’t respect them. 

    According to Joe Ajaero, the NLC president, the meeting had no purpose. In a TV interview on Sunday, Ajaero said

    “Of what use is today’s meeting? As of Tuesday night, I had a meeting with the president of the TUC and some other government officials. I told the NNPCL MD that increasing the pump price would be considered war.”

    The TUC said they want a minimum wage increase, tax holidays for certain groups of workers, and a return to the previous petrol pump price of ₦‎195 per litre while negotiations are ongoing.

    The government’s position

    One man who may know more than anyone about strikes and subsidy removal is former NLC president Adams Oshiomole. Having fought on both sides of the divide, he was on TV after the boycotted meeting with the trade unions to share his insights about the subsidy removal.

    [Adams Oshiomole / Ripples]

    Oshiomole believes the labour unions have every right to be aggrieved. He argued that if the subsidy removal could save up to ₦‎6 trillion, the government could use the savings to fix infrastructural deficits and ensure that lecturers never embark on strike. Oshiomole repeatedly said during the interview that he wasn’t the government spokesperson. So why was he negotiating with the trade unions on the government’s behalf?

    Oshiomole said some possible proposals to cushion the fuel price hike include increasing the minimum wage. He also spoke on providing tax breaks so workers pay less taxes and increase their take-home pay. Oshiomole said the government was considering providing buses, which could reduce transport costs.

    A good faith gesture

    Another meeting between the parties is scheduled for Tuesday before Wednesday’s looming strike. 

    That said, Tinubu has had a shaky start to his office. Despite saying he’d like to emulate former president Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, his actions since assuming office have been markedly opposite. In Yar’Adua’s inaugural speech, he admitted that the process that brought him to power was flawed. Tinubu, by contrast, said his election was “fairly won.” 

    [Bola Tinubu/ Punch]

    Unlike Yar’Adua, who publicly declared his assets, Tinubu is unlikely to do so, possibly only before the Code of Conduct Bureau. 

    Yar’Adua brought down the pump price while in office, and Tinubu’s first act was to declare that the “fuel subsidy is gone”. It’s now time for Tinubu to lead by example.

    Tinubu’s big challenge is making Nigerians see that he’s in the grind with them and empathises with their suffering. It’s not enough to say you’ll remove subsidies. In what way are you also making sacrifices? 

    His wife has already said they don’t need Nigeria’s money. How about taking a salary cut himself? It’s a symbolic gesture showing Nigerians he has skin in the game. He can appeal to the national assembly, dominated by members of his party, to take salary cuts, which drain our treasury. 

    Beyond the above, providing palliatives for the most vulnerable must be done transparently. He must pay critical attention to power generation and distribution, which drive demand for fuel consumption. Tinubu must also get his cabinet up and running as soon as possible so they can devise a plan to manage the economy.

    The ball is in Tinubu’s court. He wanted this task from day one; here’s his opportunity to prove he’s up to it.

  • In this week’s Navigating Nigeria, Citizen speaks with an imam from Bauchi who shared his wild tale about visiting sex workers and encountering a trigger-happy police officer who boasted about ending his life. Through it all, the Imam believes everyone should be allowed to share their story without being judged. For him, reality is a spectrum, and morality is a construct.

    Editorial Note: Navigating Nigeria is a platform for Nigerians to passionately discuss the Nigerian experience with little interference from individual opinions. While our editorial standards emphasise the truth and endeavour to fact-check claims and allegations, we are not responsible for allegations made about other people based on half-truths.

    Walk us through your experience

    This was in 2018. I lived in a large house in a Government Residential Area (GRA) in Bauchi. Our compound had six huge mango trees. It was also very close to the Government House. There’s this abandoned airport down the road, which also has an old air tower. It’s a fantastic spot. People come there on weekdays and weekends to play football. Some play around, go on trains or drive their cars. Nothing else happens around the area during the day. 

    One night, I was at home watching TV, and they told the story of a lady who got into prostitution. I remembered thinking then about how we were all part of some equation. It’s like calculus. Our environment influences what we become in the same way that deriving the function of a function changes the equation’s outcome.

    I come from a society that tends to be hypocritical about sexuality. They talk about modesty so much you’d think we’re the standard. But there’s a lot of hypocrisy. You see people hiding who they are. I don’t have any trouble with homosexuals, as I understand it’s biology. I’ve seen gay men and women kissing in Bauchi. Yet there’s a lot of preaching against it as if it’s not part of the culture here. The TV documentary on prostitution inspired me to see it for myself.

    I guess this is where your story takes off 

    I’d heard of this place called Bayan Gari. Bayan Gari, in English, means “behind the city.” It’s not really behind the city in reality. It just happens to be a place dominated by Igbos and people who aren’t core Northerners.

    In the northern setting, there’s segregation between Christians and Muslims. They tend to live apart even though they’re in the same state.

    I grew up in Lagos, but when I came to the North, I began to really observe this dichotomy. However, this isn’t to say that Lagos didn’t have its issues, particularly with the derogatory way of referring to anyone of Northern extraction as aboki.

    Anyway, after that documentary, I decided to visit Bayan Gari to learn about and document it. I planned to immerse myself there to fully understand what was going on.

    At the time, I was an imam at a local mosque. One afternoon, I drove down there using a friend’s car. It looked like a regular market, with people going about their lives and businesses. The stories I’d been told about it were that it was filled with naked prostitutes, but that’s not the picture I saw when I initially went there. 

    What was it like?

    I debated whether I wanted to do this on my first night there. We live in a world where people get judgmental. They somehow think they’re better than others because of some norms they hold on to. But this highlights what Chimamanda has described as the danger of a single story. What about those people there? What about their lives? Do you know what they’re going through and why they’re doing what they’re doing?

    I left around 9 p.m., donning a face cap and sneakers while presenting myself as what I presumed a person visiting such a place would look like. Bauchi has a cool club culture but also has other cultures, like Bayan Gari, which they don’t like to talk about.

    The first thing I saw on my first night was the presence of almajiris. The term comes from Arabic and means “traveller.” Originally, almajiris were young folks supposed to grow in the way of scholars. But the whole system has been upended and now borders on exploitation everywhere in the North. I believe the practise should end.

    The almajiris—young boys—were smoking cigarettes, weed, and gambling while dancing to a club banger. During the day, you’d see these kids on the streets, begging. At night, they’d come down here to flex. I was surprised to find that these happen in Bauchi.

    I sat close to some guys selling porno CDs. There were ladies in their hijabs who were prostitutes. It felt like I was in a whole new world. The guys around me asked me to join them in gambling, but I didn’t answer. I felt like I didn’t belong there, so I walked around. There was a ghetto-like feel to it. Some areas were filthy. Some of the ladies there carried offensive scents. 

    I contrasted this with when I lived in Lagos. Then I stayed on the island.

    When you go along Obalende at night, you’ll see prostitutes on the road pulling your clothes as you walk past. I didn’t see that sort of thing here. The Fulani ladies here don’t call out to you. You’d just see them drinking and smoking, ready to get in on the act. 

    I got back home around 11:30 p.m. No one knew where I went, not even my friends. As an imam, it would’ve been difficult to deal with the judgmental stares of folks if they’d known that I’d been to Bayan Gari.

    How were you able to reconcile being an imam with visiting Bayan Gari?

    Understanding science, philosophy, and history helped me navigate that.

    Also, there is a verse in the Quran where Allah says, “Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, the changing of day and night are signs for those who reflect.”

    That verse alone doesn’t restrict what one can explore.

    I went to that place to get answers to my questions and to understand why people do what they do. There’s a talk I listened to about the psychology of evil that has a lot to do with some of the answers most of us are looking for. The key realisation here is that we all have stories. And while we think our stories are valid, others think the same about theirs too.

    That sounds deep

    I visited again the next day because it had stories I believed should be told. It was the same experience as the previous day. I walked around as usual and saw this very pretty Fulani girl who was a prostitute. I’m Fulani myself. 

    I tried to have small talk with her, but it was apparent she was high on something. I asked how much she’d charge me per hour. She told me there was no hourly payment. It was simply a matter of having sex with her till I cum. Once that happens, I’ll pay her ₦‎500. I didn’t know if this was a uniform rate across the board, but this was what she charged for her services.

    So I asked why she was doing this. She was reluctant to answer at first, but she eventually did. She said she needed to care for her parents and fend for herself because no one could help. She’d come down to Bauchi from her village in Jos.

    I felt pity for her and offered her some money. She asked if I was taking her to my apartment in Bauchi, but I had no intention of doing so.

    Then I left.

    When I returned home, I was in deep thought, replaying everything in my head. People have different stories, yet it’s so easy to pass judgement when you haven’t listened to them. I walked around the old tower and was in a serious philosophical mood. The old tower used to be a bubbly place used by the rich but has now become a relic of the past. 

    And it hit me how the past and the present are interwoven. I never asked the girl’s name, but I kept thinking about how her past and her history with poverty had shaped her present situation as a prostitute. When I left her, she returned to her friends in her high state, laughing and going about her business. 

    She was so pretty. I considered asking her hand in marriage to get her out of there and giving her a new slate. I wrote about it but lost it. My mind kept returning to her, and I wanted to visit that place again. I didn’t know why I suddenly wanted to become her saviour—maybe because of her story. Or because she was pretty? Or because she had an innocent look? Her face was gentle, and she had large eyes. 

    Hmmm

    I went there again three days later. After searching for and finding her this time, I asked her name. She told me it was Aisha. I tried following her around to talk to her, but she wasn’t listening, perhaps high on some substance. She kept telling me to let her be. She left me and went to a dark corner, where another guy followed her. I kept waiting for her and hoping the guy would be done with her to make my case. 

    While waiting, I saw another tall, pretty girl who looked like a Shuwa Arab. I was gobsmacked.

    I’d found another potential story in my head, so I approached her to ask the same questions I had asked Aisha. She told me to give her ₦5,000 for the whole night. I was only interested in hearing her story. She insisted on that amount regardless, which made me realise she was old in the game.

    In the bargaining process, I sensed that ladies were clustering around me, so I removed myself. As I left, I saw the ladies come around with two policemen, who accosted me. I’d seen policemen smoking and touching girls on my earlier visits. 

    The policemen told me I had to pay that amount. That was unexpected; I had nothing with the lady except a discussion. I was almost outside of Bayan Gari at this point. 

    When they saw that I refused to pay, one of them brought out a chain and started wiping me with it. 

    Wawu

    They had guns with them. At one point, one of them left while the other continued assaulting me. The girls, meanwhile, were laughing at the whole thing. They queued up behind the policeman while he kept beating me. I fell on my knees, pleading that I had done nothing wrong. 

    Some people gathered around to intervene on my behalf, but the policeman escalated matters. He lied to them, saying I was a Boko Haram member.

    Ahhhh!

    He said I was one of the leaders of Boko Haram in Jos and that he knew my face very well. I don’t know if I mentioned this, but I have beards. He told them I ran to Bauchi when security agents tried to track them down.

    The policeman took out his gun, pointed it at my head, and said he’d shoot me, and no one would know what happened. He said no one would question him. See, my body went cold.

    Fortunately, I’d withdrawn some money earlier that day, which I had on me. He put his hand in my breast pocket and took out the ₦5000 there. People started pleading with him after seeing me battered, saying he should let me go. It was after he extorted me that he eventually left with the girls.

    Narrow escape

    I started trekking alone that night. It was around 12:30 a.m. No bikes were on the road, and I was going to a GRA. I was thinking about everything that had happened and started laughing. When I got to Wunti market, I saw a bike man and explained my encounter with the police to him. He laughed at me and zoomed off. I wondered why no one cared to listen to or help me. In my mind, I was a good person and didn’t deserve what was meted out to me. 

    I walked further until I got to a mosque, where I saw another bike man sympathetic to my plight. He carried me to my gate.

    What was the aftermath of your experience?

    When I got in, I took off my clothes. My skin was tender with bruises, and my back was swollen. I was still shocked by the thought that a policeman was willing to pull the trigger because of ₦5,000. I was pursuing a story, but another story came at me.

    None of my friends knew about this because they wouldn’t understand why I chose to go to a place known for prostitution and drug use. Many would judge me, and only a few would appreciate why I did what I did. It was only in 2020 that I shared this story with a few open-minded friends. 

    There are other places where people go for cheap sex, like Gwalla-meji where the federal polytechnic is located. So when I see Northerners go online to bash people for engaging in sexual activity, I consider it collective hypocrisy because it happens in our backyard.

    My takeaway is that beauty exists in different formats; people experience it differently and call it different things. I see those young boys in Bayan Gari as having embraced hedonism in their own way, even though the rest of the world frowns at it. 

    But we should ask, how many people who frown at these things indulge in them in one way or another? People do things for reasons best known to them. We shouldn’t be too quick to judge until we hear their stories. To my mind, reality is a spectrum, and morality is a construct. This is how I choose to see the world.

  • On June 1, 2023, Daily Trust newspaper exclusively reported with the headline “CBN Devalues Naira To 630/$1”. On its Twitter page, the news has received over 426k views at the time of writing. It has also been retweeted 493 times.

    On Wait First, we divide claims into three categories. A valid claim is a fresh banana. A false claim is a burnt dodo. And a misleading claim is cold zobo.

    So, how valid is this claim?

    Background

    According to the news report by Daily Trust, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) devalued the naira from ₦461.6 to ₦6‎31 to the dollar. It then sold at the new rate in the “Importers and Exporters (I&E)” window on May 31. 

    Nigeria currently runs a multiple exchange rate system. The CBN provides its rates, and the parallel market, commonly known as the black market, provides another. The gulf between the two creates arbitrage. This is a situation where people trade in currencies by taking advantage of differing prices for the same currency. 

    As of May 31, the CBN’s rate was ₦461.26 to the dollar. 

    The black market rate for the same day was ₦750 to the dollar.

    Verification

    Not long after the news report was released, the CBN released a screenshot describing it as “fake news”.

    The CBN then followed up with a statement signed by its acting director of corporate communications, Isa AbdulMumin. It read:

    “The attention of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has been drawn to a news report by Daily Trust Newspaper of June 1, 2023, titled ‘CBN Devalues Naira To 630/$1’.

    We wish to state categorically that this news report, which in the imagination of the newspaper is exclusive, is replete with outright FALSEHOODS and destabilising innuendos, reflecting potentially willful ignorance of the said medium as to the workings of the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market.

    For the avoidance of doubt, the exchange rate at the Investors’ and Exporters’ (I&E) window traded this morning (June 1, 2023) at ₦465/$ and has been stable around this rate for a while.

    The public is hereby advised to ignore this news report by Daily Trust in its entirety, as it is speculative and calculated at causing panic in the market.

    Media practitioners are advised to verify their facts from the Central Bank of Nigeria before publishing in order not to misinform the public.”

    Verdict

    The CBN has come out to state that the claim by Daily Trust is emphatically false. Therefore this news is nothing but burnt dodo.

    Hi friend! For the past few months, we’ve helped you say on top of Nigerian politics, policies and governance or have we? In less than 2 mins, tell us what you think about Zikoko Citizen here, and we owe you an interesting story next week.

  • Forgive our catchy title. President Tinubu’s famous phrase inspired it as he declared his plans to “hit the ground running” during his first days in office. Today, we bank on it for Nigeria’s newly inaugurated governors.

    In a way, Tinubu’s pronouncement on removing the fuel subsidy exemplifies the race we just got into as a nation. Nigerians are now hustling for fuel in a rat race to the filling station. It’s, however, not all doom and gloom. According to Bloomberg, the announcement has led the Nigerian stock market to rally to its highest value since November 2020. We can only hope that this surge sustains some financial analysts’ optimism.

    Away from Tinubu, 28 governors—18 new ones and ten returning ones—took the Oath of Office on May 29. As is typical with Nigerian politicians, they all made promises during their campaigns, and the momentum was sustained in their inauguration speeches. We highlighted five we found worthy enough, and we bring to you, in no particular order, those who have hit the ground running.

    Alex Otti, Abia State

    [Alex Otti / Punch]

    The leadup to the Abia State elections had surprising twists, which we covered in detail.

    Ultimately, the Labour Party’s (LP) Alex Otti emerged winner in a hotly contested election. In his inaugural speech, Otti was jubilant but took shots at the previous PDP-led administration.

     “We rejoice in the birth of a new and glorious era, yet we cannot easily forget the years of waste and missed opportunities arising from self-seeking, prebendal and profligate governance,” Otti said. He added that his administration inherited debt to the tune of ₦‎200 billion, ₦50 billion in salary arrears and colossal infrastructure decay. Otti said his administration would launch, within a month, a ₦10 billion Micro, Small and Medium scale Enterprises (MSME) financing scheme in the state to address unemployment.

    Abba Kabir Yusuf, Kano State

    [Abba Kabir Yusuf / BBC]

    The Kano Guber election, which we also covered, saw Abba Kabir Yusuf of the New Nigeria Peoples Party (NNPP) coast to a commanding victory over the incumbent APC. In his inaugural speech, Yusuf promised to investigate the mysterious disappearance of the journalist Abubakar Dadiyata.

    After his inauguration, Yusuf’s first port of call was the Kiru Reformatory School, which he said would be fully reopened to rehabilitate drug addicts. He also spoke on electoral violence:

    “We shall investigate all cases of political violence that led to the loss of lives and properties across the State in the last eight years. The infamous case of AlHassan Ado Doguwa, who allegedly sponsored the maiming and murder of over 15 innocent souls in Tudun Wada Local Government, will be pursued to its logical conclusion.”

    Rev. Fr. Hyacinth Alia, Benue State

    [Hyacinth Alia / The Cable]

    The All Progressives Congress (APC) won Benue State in a tight contest. Benue is one state we can confidently say has no “First Lady” as it’s governed by a Reverend Father, Hyacinth Alia.

    Alia’s first act in office mirrors a template already seen in Ebonyi, Enugu and several others upon assuming office—freezing the state’s bank accounts. In his inaugural speech, Alia made mention of the security, employment and infrastructural challenges plaguing the state. He outlined his seven pillars which he believes will transform the state. He asked for cooperation as he lacked a “magic wand” to actualise his plans for the state.

    “I want to say to you, Benue, I am ready and willing to provide the requisite leadership to take that leap of faith into a future of shared prosperity for Benue. And I will not fail you,” he said.

    Umo Eno, Akwa Ibom State

    [Umo Eno, Premium Times]

    With his swearing-in on May 29, Akwa Ibom’s Umo Eno made history by becoming the first albino governor in Nigeria. In his inaugural speech, the PDP governor of the oil-rich state donned his religious toga by saying he’d lead his state “in the way of the Lord.”

    “I stand here as one of you and promise to make you proud. We will lead this state in the way of the Lord. And we will continue to keep the standard and even seek to improve the Christ-centric government that His Excellency Deacon Udom Emmanuel has established,” he said.

    His first act in office was to make appointments, including a secretary to the state government and an economic adviser. We hope he can go beyond sermons and deliver on good governance, which his people elected him for.

    Seyi Makinde, Oyo State

    [Seyi Makinde / Punch]

    Seyi Makinde was part of the G5, a group of PDP governors opposed to the presidential aspiration of Atiku Abubakar. While Atiku didn’t win the presidency, measuring how the G5 contributed to his loss is tough. Four of the five governors, including Makinde, ran for office in various capacities, including governor and senator. Only Makinde won re-election. 

    In his speech, Makinde listed his achievements in his first term. He promised to clear backlogs in gratuities for state workers while building on economic and infrastructural gains. “It’s time to upgrade to the Omituntun 2.0 lifestyle,” he said. 

    “Let me reassure the good people of Oyo state that Omituntun 2.0 will be better than 1.0. We will work even harder to ensure that the prosperity our people have started enjoying under Omituntun 1.0 will continue for four more years,” he added.

    Makinde’s first act was to dissolve the Disciplinary Committee in charge of the state’s Park Management System (PMS) immediately. The committee was headed by one Mukaila Lamidi, popularly known as Auxillary. The Oyo State Police Command, on May 30, arrested 78 suspects. They were linked to an attempt to cause trouble in the state following the dissolution of the PMS.

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  • On May 24, we reflected on Buhari’s time in office, which we perceived as a period marked by missed opportunities. Here’s an excerpt:

    On May 29, 2023, the president-elect, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, will give his inaugural speech. Despite misgivings about the elections, Tinubu’s speech might give insights into what to expect from his administration. Ultimately, if Buhari’s time in office has taught us anything, we should set our expectations lower.”

    Background

    In case you missed it, here’s President Tinubu’s inaugural speech summary. Out of his promises to Nigerians, the “fuel subsidy is gone” announcement quickly became a standout topic for Nigerians, and the media contributed to amplifying its implications. 

    While there was applause from the inaugural attendees and many Nigerians across the country, you only need to go back to eleven years ago, on January 1, 2012, when former President Goodluck Jonathan announced the removal of the fuel subsidy. The nationwide Occupy Nigeria protests followed, leading to Jonathan’s ouster from office. 

    Tinubu was the same guy who lambasted Jonathan for taking the same decision. At the time, he said, “The government has tossed the people into the depths of the midnight sea” by removing subsidies on fuel.

    To be fair to Tinubu, all the leading presidential candidates suggested during their campaigns that the subsidy had to go. Some Nigerians also agree with them. There are at least 7.3 trillion reasons we can think of. Still, we need to understand the shift in stance.

    For one, Tinubu went off script. Here’s a part of the written version of the speech shared by his media executives with the press: 

    “We commend the decision of the outgoing administration in phasing out the petrol subsidy regime, which has increasingly favoured the rich more than the poor. The subsidy can no longer justify its ever-increasing costs in the wake of drying resources. We shall instead re-channel the funds into better investment in public infrastructure, education, health care and jobs that will materially improve the lives of millions.”

    Now compare it with what he said by firmly saying that “fuel subsidy is gone.”

    We’re not the only ones who noticed this difference: 

    As it turns out, we wouldn’t have to wait until Thursday

    Citizen spoke to a few Nigerians living in Lagos who shared their thoughts on Tinubu’s impromptu announcement on the subsidy removal. Here’s what they had to say:

    Toluwani

    “I knew it was going to happen. I don’t feel anything about it. I’m only annoyed and irritated that Nigerians are again trying to exploit the situation because why are filling stations selling at 500-700 already? The subsidy hasn’t been effected yet, so why make life more difficult than it has to be? I’ve said this before, Nigerians are bad people, and if given the opportunity, we’ll do much worse than the leaders we criticise daily. Nonsense.”

    Tolulope

    “All the three top candidates were clear on this subsidy. Their stand was that it wouldn’t stay. What the president said yesterday in his first speech is a mere formality. 

    Provisions made down already state subsidy payments will continue until the end of June 2023. So why are filling stations hoarding it? The loudest opposers are those who hoped he wouldn’t be inaugurated, so they need to wake up please and ask the right questions to the right quarters.”

    Daniel

    “It’s just greed. Yesterday morning, everything was fine. You could walk into a petrol station two days ago, and in three minutes, you’re out. Today, you’ll spend a whole day. These people will not open the filling station till they change the pump price. Fuel price from ₦‎185 two days ago they’re selling at approximately ₦‎600 now. With subsidy removal, fuel is supposed to be around ₦‎380/litre. It’s daylight theft.”

    Emmanuel

    “I bought fuel yesterday at ₦‎585 at a filling station in Fola-Agoro, Abule-Ijesha, Lagos. They were the only ones selling at that time, around 8 p.m. They weren’t selling to car owners, only those with kegs. If you came in your car, you’d still have to buy in a keg. And buying with a keg comes with extra charges.

    The one that hurt me the most was my way to work this morning. I left home a bit late.

    Normally on days like this, I’d ride from my house at Yaba to the office at Ikeja. The price on the ride-hailing app Bolt is usually between ₦1800 and ₦3000. This morning, it was hovering between ₦4200 and ₦5100. On Uber, it was between ₦4500 and ₦4900. Only Lagride had a lower price of between ₦2800 and ₦3000 because I have a discount. On a normal day, it would cost between ₦1500 and ₦1900.

    So I think the announcement has caused a lot of panic leading to a price hike.”

    It’s only day one, but going by reactions to the announcement both online and offline, Tinubu is up to a rough start in office. Nigerians would be eagerly looking forward to how he responds.

  • Sometimes in life, you don’t get a warning about what’s ahead of you. Some things show up, and you are expected to make tough decisions that have to weigh many factors, such as love, the law, societal norms, and moral values. Suppose you find yourself in an online dating scenario where you only want a good time, and a drug trafficker shows up and asks for your help. Will you stake it all out for love? For Navigating Nigeria this week, Citizen spoke to Angela*, who narrated how she almost unknowingly became a drug courier.

    *Name redacted to protect their identity

    Editorial Note: Navigating Nigeria is a platform for Nigerians to passionately discuss the Nigerian experience with little interference from individual opinions. While our editorial standards emphasise the truth and endeavour to fact-check claims and allegations, we are not responsible for allegations made about other people based on half-truths.

    Walk us through your experience

    This was in April 2021. It had been years since I had a boyfriend or someone to call a lover. It also didn’t help that I’m an introverted person. Parties and nightclubs weren’t scenes I was accustomed to. 

    Because of this, I used Tinder, the dating app, to connect with people within my neighbourhood. Call it naïveté, but I wasn’t particular about the age of the guys. I was looking for anyone with a fine face and a sexy body.

    Lol. Any luck?

    I found the profile of this fair-complexioned and handsome man named David, who happened to be in his 30s. I swiped right to accept, and after a few minutes, I got a notification that he swiped right on my profile too. Boom, a match! 

    We then got talking, and he mentioned that he worked as a project manager in London and was coming to Nigeria for his sister’s wedding the following weekend. 

    He then asked me if I was single or in a relationship, as he was looking for a cool lady to “settle down with” and that he “admired me.” I began to suspect that things were fishy because how could he admire me after only two days of knowing each other? But I went along with it. 

    A few days later, he came to my DMs to ask if he could buy anything for me since he was coming to Nigeria. I told him it wasn’t necessary, and he sounded cool about it. 

    The following week, I woke up early in the morning to receive a call from a freight agency saying that I had a package from David. That morning, David had also sent a message that he had sent me gifts despite my earlier insistence that it wasn’t necessary.

    The gift items included an iPhone 11, wigs, shoes, and a sealed box. I won’t lie, I was so excited and started planning how to receive the package from Customs. 

    Three hours later, I got a call from Customs asking me what was in the box. I told him it was £300 as David told me, and they didn’t believe me. They had dogs sniff the package, and they had every reason to suspect that there were drugs in it. 

    I confronted David about it, and he told me that he had kept both £300 in the box for me and also five grammes of methamphetamine, aka meth, which is a banned substance. 

    Ahhh

    He wanted to sell it to a firm in Nigeria to produce certain pills. David also told me things had been difficult for him in London, and he was planning to relocate to Nigeria. He had to use the drug to get money for relocation. It was then that I knew that I had been interacting with a drug trafficker all along and that I was in serious trouble if this matter proceeded any further. 

    He begged me to tell them it was just money, but I refused and left Customs to confiscate the package. We never spoke again after that day.

    What was your takeaway from the whole experience?

    The primary emotion I felt was anger, not even fear. Because if I had known that the guy was a drug pusher, I wouldn’t have gone through this wahala. Thankfully, I wasn’t there when the dogs were sniffing the package. It was the Customs guy who informed me of the arrival of the goods and told me everything via phone.

    I only got away without much trouble because I was crying hot tears on the phone. And this was after I paid #10k or so. Even then, I had to plead my innocence with them, using my age as a young girl who’d never met the man in my life. Since then, I’ve not used Tinder again. I prefer making real-life connections.

    ***In April, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime released its Global Cocaine Report for 2023. The report revealed that Nigeria played a significant role in the smuggling of drugs—particularly at mid-level and dealer levels—in Africa and beyond.

    ALSO READ: Is Nigeria the Cocaine Capital of Africa?

  • On May 19, 2023, several news outlets like the Daily Trust, PM News, Punch (in a now-deleted post), TVC News, Guardian, ICIRLeadership, Business Day, The Street Journal, and The Sun, ran the news that the Federal High Court in Kano State had nullified the candidacy of Abia State governor-elect Alex Otti.

    On Wait First, we divide claims into three categories. A valid claim is a fresh banana. A false claim is burnt dodo. And a misleading claim is cold zobo.

    So, how valid is this claim?

    [Alex Otti / Punch]

    Background

    The period immediately after elections is often very litigious. Various courts and tribunals nationwide are neck-deep in suits and countersuits. This is because individuals and parties often contest election outcomes. For example, the Osun State governorship election was disputed all the way to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court eventually in favour of Ademola Adeleke.

    Similarly, one Ibrahim Haruna Ibrahim filed a suit against the Labour Party (LP) and the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) at the Federal High Court in Kano. This suit’s purpose was to seek to nullify the candidacy of all LP candidates in Kano and Abia States and for the court to revoke the certificates of return issued to all LP candidates declared winners in Kano and the 35 states of the Federation, including the FCT.

    According to Premium Times, the judge cited the failure of the Labour Party to submit its membership registers to INEC ahead of the party’s primaries as the reason. A part of the judgement which the newspaper claimed to see on Friday, May 19, read:

    “That the failure of the 1st defendant to submit its register of members in Kano State and Abia State is in crass breach of the provisions of section 77(3) of the Electoral Act, 2022, and the purported Primary Elections of the 1st defendant is invalid, null and void and of no effect.”

    Verification

    Our partners, Fact-Check Elections, looked into this claim. Here’s what they found:

    “FactCheckElections contacted a lawyer (Barrister Desmond Orisewezie) on the true interpretation of the judgment. When asked about the court’s true position and whether it has sacked the Abia state governor-elect, the lawyer said, ‘No, it only concerns Kano but has legal implications for Otti and Obi.’

    A report credited to NAN states the Federal High Court sitting in Kano has denied nullifying the candidature of the Abia State governor-elect, Dr Alex Otti. “Candidates who participated in the 2023 general election in Abia were not parties before his court. This court lacks jurisdiction to make an order to issue a certificate of return,” Justice Muhammad Nasir-Yunusa was reported to have said.

    Another report by Vreporters says the Kano Judge faults the media report of nullifying Abia state governor-elect candidature. “Media reports that it nullified the candidature of the Abia State governor-elect, Dr Alex Otti, who contested the election on the platform of the Labour Party, LP, are misleading,” said the court judge. However, he added that the court annulled the election of all the Kano LP candidates that contested the 2023 general election. Nasir-Yunusa said, “The court declared only the primary election of the Labour Party in Kano State null and void.”

    Verdict

    Based on the evidence above, reports claiming that a court sacked Abia state governor-elect Alex Otti is misleading. It’s cold and undiluted zobo.

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  • As the curtain closes on President Buhari’s eight years in power, Nigerians are left to reflect upon a legacy marked by regrettably missed opportunities. Ebenezer Obadare, a political expert, describes Buhari’s time in office this way:

    “That Buhari managed to turn such wild enthusiasm about his candidacy into grave disappointment, going from a regime of which many, rightly or not, had high hopes, to one that most can’t wait to see the back of, ranks among the most remarkable instances of reputational collapse in the whole of Nigerian political history. 

    It was clear within the first few months—the initial struggle to put together a cabinet being particularly telling—that Buhari, for all his desperation to take power, had not done his homework and was ill-prepared for the demands of the office.”

    Riding on the “Sai Baba, Sai Buhari” mantra and backed by a political figure like Bola Ahmed Tinubu, there were high expectations that Buhari would put Nigeria on the right trajectory. However, Buhari failed to live up to expectations of his promises.

    A summary of Buhari’s eight years

    His ardent supporters will say he built more infrastructure than any other leader before him. They’ll point to the construction of the Second Niger Bridge, multiple railroad projects, and roads across the country. 

    [Loko-Oweto Bridge / Bashir Ahmed / Twitter]

    They’ll also say he assented to many bills the coming administration can hopefully build upon. Some will also applaud Nigeria’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic under his watch, which the WHO ranked as the fourth-most successful globally. While Buhari can claim these achievements, the tradeoff has come at a steep cost.

    His anticorruption stance initially earned him the “Mai Gaskiya” title, meaning “the honest one.” Time has, however, eroded that perception. Nothing captures this better than when he granted pardons to two ex-governors, Joshua Dariye and Jolly Nyame, who were indicted for corruption. The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) said they were demoralised by that action, having spent eleven years and hundreds of millions of naira prosecuting those cases.

    No other president has plunged Nigeria into as much debt as he has. In his eight years in office, Buhari raised Nigeria’s debt from $7.3 billion, inherited from former President Goodluck Jonathan, to $41.8 billion—a 400% increase. 

    His economic policies left many scratching their heads. Take your pick from anyone between the controversial Anchor Borrowers’ Programme, TraderMoni, the naira redesign, and the shutdown of our borders. All told, 133 million Nigerians now live in multidimensional poverty. The World Bank projects that by 2025, 13 million more Nigerians will join them. Unemployment will rise to 41% this year.

    Electoral reform, which Nigerians initially had high hopes about—us included—was another facade. The events of the 2023 general elections made that apparent.

    Buhari has a mixed record on human capital development. Some people might say it’s terrible. Although there were capital interventions in the health and education sectors, the unending ASUU strikes and the brain drain of doctors tell you all you need to know about how that went. This follows a recurring theme in Buhari’s administration. Money is thrown at projects that either become misappropriated or poorly executed.

    Due to his military credentials, many Nigerians expected him to bolster security. This turned out to be a massive letdown. While it’s true that Boko Haram has recently piped down, it’s unclear if that is entirely due to Buhari’s efforts or the internecine struggles of Islamist terrorist groups in northern Nigeria. In the South-East, the proscribed Indigenous People of Biafra, IPOB, has been a constant scourge with its enforced sit-at-home orders. The rise in banditry and kidnapping for ransom across Nigeria is alarming. A former minister described it as a “burgeoning industry”.

    The Vanguard reports that since he assumed office in May 2015, 63,111 Nigerians have been killed under his administration. And young Nigerians will not forget the events of EndSARS, culminating in the military officers’ shooting of unarmed protesters on October 20, 2020. Till today, Buhari hasn’t told us who gave the kill order. 

    We could point to his nepotism as evident in his lopsided appointments, disregard for the rule of law, clampdown on the media, frequent junketing and medical tourism, and inability to unite Nigerians. Losses in several areas quickly overshadowed any gains he made in one area. Based on these, his eight years as president are best described as a net negative. This is Buhari’s legacy.

    Buhari’s famous last words

    Buhari was camera-shy in his early days in office and rarely addressed the media. This came with several conspiracy theories about his health, such as possessing a body double. Nigerians on Twitter will also recall that he locked his comment section for a while. 

    However, the latter end of his regime has seen him speak out more, surprisingly off the cuff. Buhari asked Nigerians for forgiveness in April, saying he’d accept all criticism. This represents a marked departure from the nonchalant and aloof demeanour that has become a representation of his political career. Despite his hard-guy stance, Buhari cares what we think of him and wants history to be kind to him.

    But perhaps the most revealing utterance Buhari has made to date comes from his speech on May 23 at the launch of the new headquarters of the Nigerian Customs Service in Abuja. A viral portion of that speech has made it online. In the speech, he explained his reason for the controversial closure of Nigeria’s land borders.

    Buhari said it was deliberate and designed to force Nigerians to grow what they eat. He genuinely thinks it was a good policy, which Nigerians “appreciated” him for eventually. He added, “I said these few things about my personal belief because I have only six more days to go. And I plan to be as far away from Abuja as possible.

    Thank goodness, I come from an area far away from Abuja. I said if anybody forces me, I have a good relationship with my neighbours, Niger people will defend me.”

    Nigerians are reeling in utter shock at their Commander-in-Chief.

    Buhari has earned wide condemnation for his comments on various sociocultural forums. These include the MiddleBelt Forum, the Afenifere, the Pan Niger Delta Forum PANDEF, and the Northern Elders Forum. 

    And yet, for all the uproar, Buhari has consistently said that he’s all about himself for the last eight years. In his inaugural speech on May 29, 2015, Buhari said: “I belong to everybody, and I belong to nobody.” If only we knew and were ready.

    On May 29, 2023, the president-elect, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, will give his inaugural speech. Despite misgivings about the elections, Tinubu’s speech might give insights into what to expect from his administration. Ultimately, if Buhari’s time in office has taught us anything, we should set our expectations lower.

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